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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 15, 2001, 21(18):7397-7403
Altered Responsiveness to Cocaine and Increased Immobility in the
Forced Swim Test Associated with Elevated cAMP Response Element-Binding
Protein Expression in Nucleus Accumbens
Andrea M.
Pliakas1,
Richard R.
Carlson1,
Rachael L.
Neve1,
Christine
Konradi1,
Eric J.
Nestler2, and
William A.
Carlezon Jr1
1 Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School,
McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, and
2 Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9070
Drugs of abuse regulate the transcription factor cAMP response
element-binding protein (CREB) in striatal regions, including the
nucleus accumbens (NAc). To explore how regulation of CREB in the NAc
affects behavior, we used herpes simplex virus (HSV) vectors to elevate
CREB expression in this region or to overexpress a dominant-negative
mutant CREB (mCREB) that blocks CREB function. Rats treated with
HSV-mCREB in place conditioning studies spent more time in environments
associated with cocaine, indicating increased cocaine reward.
Conversely, rats treated with HSV-CREB spent less time in
cocaine-associated environments, indicating increased cocaine aversion.
Studies in which drug-environment pairings were varied to coincide
with either the early or late effects of cocaine suggest that
CREB-associated place aversions reflect increased cocaine withdrawal.
Because cocaine withdrawal can be accompanied by symptoms of
depression, we examined how altered CREB function in the NAc affects
behavior in the forced swim test (FST). Elevated CREB expression
increased immobility in the FST, an effect that is opposite to that
caused by standard antidepressants and is consistent with a link
between CREB and dysphoria. Conversely, overexpression of mCREB
decreased immobility, an effect similar to that caused by
antidepressants. Moreover, the opioid receptor antagonist
nor-Binaltorphimine decreased immobility in HSV-CREB-
and HSV-mCREB-treated rats, suggesting that CREB-mediated induction of
dynorphin (an endogenous receptor ligand) contributes to immobility
behavior in the FST. Exposure to the FST itself dramatically increased
CREB function in the NAc. These findings raise the possibility that
CREB-mediated transcription within the NAc regulates dysphoric states.
Key words:
CREB; nucleus accumbens; cocaine; reward; aversion; depression; opioid receptor; rat
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21187397-07$05.00/0
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