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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2001, 21(23):9291-9303
A Functional Role for Intra-Axonal Protein Synthesis during Axonal Regeneration from Adult Sensory Neurons
Jun-Qi Zheng1, 4, Theresa K. Kelly1, 3, Bieshia Chang1, Sergey Ryazantsev2, Ayyappan K. Rajasekaran1, Kelsey C. Martin2, 3, and Jeffery L. Twiss1, 3 Departments of 1 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and 2 Biological Chemistry and 3 Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, and 4 Department of Neuroanatomy, Shenyang Medical College and Medical University of China, Shenyang, China 110001
Although intradendritic protein synthesis has been documented in adult neurons, the question of whether axons actively synthesize proteins remains controversial. Adult sensory neurons that are conditioned by axonal crush can rapidly extend processes in vitro by regulating the translation of existing mRNAs (Twiss et al., 2000). These regenerating processes contain axonal but not dendritic proteins. Here we show that these axonal processes of adult sensory neurons cultured after conditioning injury contain ribosomal proteins, translational initiation factors, and rRNA. Pure preparations of regenerating axons separated from the DRG cell bodies can actively synthesize proteins in vitro and contain ribosome-bound
-actin and neurofilament mRNAs. Blocking protein synthesis in these regenerating sensory axons causes a rapid retraction of their growth cones when communication with the cell body is blocked by axotomy or colchicine treatment. These findings indicate that axons of adult mammalian neurons can synthesize proteins and suggest that, under some circumstances, intra-axonal translation contributes to structural integrity of the growth cone in regenerating axons. By immunofluorescence, translation factors, ribosomal proteins, and rRNA were also detected in motor axons of ventral spinal roots analyzed after 7 d in vivo after a peripheral axonal crush injury. Thus, adult motor neurons are also likely capable of intra-axonal protein synthesis in vivo after axonal injury.
Key words: mRNA localization; local protein synthesis; conditioned neuron; axonal regeneration; nerve regeneration
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21239291-13$05.00/0
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