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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 15, 2001, 21(24):9733-9743
Erythropoietin Regulates the In Vitro and In
Vivo Production of Neuronal Progenitors by Mammalian Forebrain
Neural Stem Cells
Tetsuro
Shingo,
S. Todd
Sorokan,
Takuya
Shimazaki, and
Samuel
Weiss
Genes & Development Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and
Anatomy, University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta,
Canada T2N 4N1
Recent studies have shown that neurogenesis is enhanced after
hypoxia and that erythropoietin (EPO), an inducible cytokine, is
produced in the brain as part of the intrinsic hypoxia response. Thus,
we asked whether EPO might regulate neurogenesis by forebrain neural
stem cells (NSCs). We found that EPO receptors are expressed in the
embryonic germinal zone during neurogenesis as well as in the adult
subventricular zone, which continues to generate neurons throughout
adulthood. Cultured NSCs exposed to a modest hypoxia produced two- to
threefold more neurons, which was associated with an elevation in EPO
gene expression. The enhanced neuron production attributable to hypoxia
was mimicked by EPO and blocked by coadministration of an EPO
neutralizing antibody. EPO appears to act directly on NSCs, promoting
the production of neuronal progenitors at the expense of multipotent
progenitors. EPO infusion into the adult lateral ventricles resulted in
a decrease in the numbers of NSCs in the subventricular zone, an
increase in newly generated cells migrating to the olfactory bulb, and
an increase in new olfactory bulb interneurons. Infusion of anti-EPO
antibodies had the opposite effect: an increase in the number of NSCs
in the subventricular zone and a decrease in the number of newly generated cells migrating to the bulb. These findings suggest that EPO
is an autocrine-paracrine factor, capable of regulating the production
of neuronal progenitor cells by forebrain NSCs.
Key words:
neural stem cells; erythropoietin; neuronal progenitors; neurogenesis; differentiation; Mash1; NF- B
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/21249733-11$05.00/0
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