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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2001, 21(8):2919-2928
Functional Anatomy of Nonvisual Feedback Loops during Reaching: A
Positron Emission Tomography Study
Michel
Desmurget1, 2,
Helena
Gréa1, 2,
Jeff
S.
Grethe3,
Claude
Prablanc2,
Garret E.
Alexander1, and
Scott T.
Grafton3, 4
1 Emory University School of Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, 2 Institut National de
la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U534, Espace et
Action, 69500 Bron, France, and 3 Center for Cognitive
Neuroscience and 4 Department of Psychological and Brain
Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
Reaching movements performed without vision of the moving limb are
continuously monitored, during their execution, by feedback loops
(designated nonvisual). In this study, we investigated the functional
anatomy of these nonvisual loops using positron emission tomography
(PET). Seven subjects had to "look at" (eye) or "look and point
to" (eye-arm) visual targets whose location either remained stationary or changed undetectably during the ocular saccade (when vision is suppressed). Slightly changing the target location during gaze shift causes an increase in the amount of correction to be generated. Functional anatomy of nonvisual feedback loops was identified by comparing the reaching condition involving large corrections (jump) with the reaching condition involving small corrections (stationary), after subtracting the activations associated with saccadic movements and hand movement planning [(eye-arm-jumping minus eye-jumping) minus (eye-arm-stationary minus
eye-stationary)]. Behavioral data confirmed that the subjects were
both accurate at reaching to the stationary targets and able to update
their movement smoothly and early in response to the target jump. PET difference images showed that these corrections were mediated by a
restricted network involving the left posterior parietal cortex, the
right anterior intermediate cerebellum, and the left primary motor
cortex. These results are consistent with our knowledge of the
functional properties of these areas and more generally with models
emphasizing parietal-cerebellar circuits for processing a dynamic
motor error signal.
Key words:
error correction; feedback; reaching; cerebellum; parietal; double step; PET; human
Copyright © 2001 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/01/2182919-10$05.00/0
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