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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 1, 2002, 22(11):4740-4745

PKA/AKAP/VR-1 Module: A Common Link of Gs-Mediated Signaling to Thermal Hyperalgesia

Parvinder Kaur Rathee1, *, Carsten Distler1, *, Otilia Obreja1, Winfried Neuhuber2, Ging Kuo Wang4, Sho-Ya Wang5, Carla Nau3, and Michaela Kress1

1 Institute of Physiology and Experimental Pathophysiology, 2 Institute of Anatomy I, and 3 Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Erlangen, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany, 4 Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and 5 Department of Biology, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222

Inflammatory mediators not only activate "pain-"sensing neurons, the nociceptors, to trigger acute pain sensations, more important, they increase nociceptor responsiveness to produce inflammatory hyperalgesia. For example, prostaglandins activate Gs-protein-coupled receptors and initiate cAMP- and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated processes. We demonstrate for the first time at the cellular level that heat-activated ionic currents were potentiated after exposure to the cAMP activator forskolin in rat nociceptive neurons. The potentiation was prevented in the presence of the selective PKA inhibitor PKI14-22, suggesting PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the heat transducer protein. PKA regulatory subunits were found in close vicinity to the plasma membrane in these neurons, and PKA catalytic subunits only translocated to the cell periphery when activated. The translocation and the current potentiation were abolished in the presence of an A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) inhibitor. Similar current changes after PKA activation were obtained from human embryonic kidney 293t cells transfected with the wild-type heat transducer protein vanilloid receptor 1 (VR-1). The forskolin-induced current potentiation was greatly reduced in cells transfected with VR-1 mutants carrying point mutations at the predicted PKA phosphorylation sites. The heat transducer VR-1 is therefore suggested as the molecular target of PKA phosphorylation, and potentiation of current responses to heat depends on phosphorylation at predicted PKA consensus sites. Thus, the PKA/AKAP/VR-1 module presents as the molecular correlate of Gs-mediated inflammatory hyperalgesia.

Key words: nociception; capsaicin; vanilloid receptor; sensitization; inflammation; sensory neuron


* P.K.R and C.D. contributed equally to this work.


Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22114740-06$05.00/0


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