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The Journal of Neuroscience, June 15, 2002, 22(12):5055-5073
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Illusory Contour Processing:
Combined High-Density Electrical Mapping, Source Analysis, and
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Micah M.
Murray1, 2,
Glenn R.
Wylie1,
Beth A.
Higgins1,
Daniel C.
Javitt1, 4,
Charles E.
Schroeder1, 2, and
John J.
Foxe1, 2, 3
1 The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Program in
Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan S. Kline Institute for
Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, New York 10962, Departments of
2 Neuroscience and 3 Psychiatry and Behavioral
Science, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, and 4 Department of Psychiatry, New York University School
of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
Because environmental information is often suboptimal, visual
perception must frequently rely on the brain's reconstruction of
contours absent from retinal images. Illusory contour (IC) stimuli have
been used to investigate these "filling-in" processes. Intracranial
recordings and neuroimaging studies show IC sensitivity in lower-tier
area V2, and to a lesser extent V1. Some interpret these data as
evidence for feedforward processing of IC stimuli, beginning at
lower-tier visual areas. On the basis of lesion, visual evoked
potentials (VEP), and neuroimaging evidence, others contend that IC
sensitivity is a later, higher-order process. Whether IC sensitivity
seen in lower-tier areas indexes feedforward or feedback processing
remains unresolved. In a series of experiments, we addressed the
spatiotemporal dynamics of IC processing. Centrally presented IC
stimuli resulted in early VEP modulation (88-100 msec) over
lateral-occipital (LOC) scalp the IC effect. The IC effect
followed visual response onset by 40 msec. Scalp current density
topographic mapping, source analysis, and functional magnetic resonance
imaging results all localized the IC effect to bilateral LOC areas. We propose that IC sensitivity described in V2 and V1 may
reflect predominantly feedback modulation from higher-tier LOC areas,
where IC sensitivity first occurs. Two additional observations further
support this proposal. The latency of the IC effect shifted dramatically later (~120 msec) when stimuli were laterally presented, indicating that retinotopic position alters IC processing. Immediately preceding the IC effect, the VEP modulated with inducer
eccentricitythe configuration effect. We interpret this to represent
contributions from global stimulus parameters to scene analysis. In
contrast to the IC effect, the topography of the configuration effect
was restricted to central parieto-occipital scalp.
Key words:
event-related potentials; ERP; VEP; dipoles; fMRI; Kanizsa; lateral-occipital cortex; LOC
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22125055-19$05.00/0
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