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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 15, 2002, 22(14):6247-6253
Dopamine Release in the Dorsal Striatum during Cocaine-Seeking
Behavior under the Control of a Drug-Associated Cue
Rutsuko
Ito,
Jeffrey W.
Dalley,
Trevor W.
Robbins, and
Barry J.
Everitt
Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, CB2 3EB, United Kingdom
Compulsive drug use is characterized by a pattern of drug seeking
and consumption that becomes progressively habitual and less and less
modifiable by external and internal factors. Although traditional views
would posit that nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons originating
in the substantia nigra and innervating the dorsal striatum are
primarily concerned with motor functions, recent studies have
implicated the dorsal striatum in mediating stimulus-response (habit)
learning. In this study, in vivo microdialysis in
combination with a second-order schedule of cocaine reinforcement was
used to investigate the role of the dorsal striatal dopamine innervation in well established drug-seeking behavior under the control
of a drug-associated cue [light conditioned stimulus (CS+)]. Rats
were initially trained to self-administer cocaine under a continuous
reinforcement schedule where a response on one of two identical levers
led to a 20 sec presentation of a light CS+ and an intravenous cocaine
infusion (0.75 mg/kg). The response requirement for the CS+ and cocaine
was then progressively increased until stable responding was
established under a second-order schedule of reinforcement. During
microdialysis, rats were presented with the cocaine-associated CS+
either noncontingently or contingent on responding during a session of
cocaine-seeking behavior. The results showed a marked increase in DA
release in the dorsal striatum during drug-seeking, when cocaine cues
were presented contingently, but not when the same cue was presented
noncontingently. These data indicate a possible involvement of the
dopaminergic innervation of the dorsal striatum in well established, or
habitual, cocaine-seeking behavior.
Key words:
cocaine; dopamine; dorsal striatum; second-order
schedule; habit; rat; microdialysis
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22146247-07$05.00/0
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