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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 1, 2002, 22(17):7340-7351
Regulation of APP-Dependent Transcription Complexes by
Mint/X11s: Differential Functions of Mint Isoforms
Thomas
Biederer,
Xinwei
Cao,
Thomas C.
Südhof, and
Xinran
Liu
The Center for Basic Neuroscience, Department of Molecular
Genetics, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas
Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas 75390-9111
Mints/X11s are neuron-specific (Mints 1 and 2) and ubiquitous
(Mint 3) adaptor proteins composed of isoform-specific
N-terminal sequences and common C-terminal
phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) and PDZ domains. We now show
that all three Mints bind to the cytoplasmic tail of amyloid-
precursor protein (APP) and presenilins and strongly increase the
levels of cellular APP in transfected cells. Immunocytochemistry
revealed that in neurons, Mints 1 and 2 were colocalized with APP in
the trans-Golgi network, with lower levels throughout
the cell body and neurites. Using an APP-dependent transactivation
assay that uses a fusion protein of APP coupled to the potent
transcription factor Gal4/VP16, we examined the effects of Mints on the
proteolytic processing and putative transcriptional function of APP.
Although all Mints were biochemically similar, only Mints 1 and 2 but
not Mint 3 strongly inhibited transactivation by APP-Gal4/VP16.
Inhibition was enhanced by a mutation of the first PDZ domain and by
deletion of the PDZ domains or the N-terminal sequences but abolished
by inactivation of the PTB- and PDZ domains. Mint 1 also inhibited
transactivation by the "precleaved" cytoplasmic tail of APP fused
to Gal4/VP16, whereas Fe65 (which binds to APP as strongly as Mints)
enhanced transactivation. Our data suggest that Mints 1 and 2 but not
Mint 3 have a specific effect on APP function that cannot be explained
simply by their interaction with presenilins and occurs at least partly
after cleavage of APP. In view of their biochemical similarity, the
functional differences among Mints are unexpected, suggesting that
Mints 1 and 2 have a brain-specific function related to APP that is not
executed by the ubiquitous Mint 3.
Key words:
APP; Alzheimer's disease; synapse; Mint; X11; Lin-10; Fe65; CASK; Munc18-1
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22177340-12$05.00/0
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