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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 15, 2002, 22(18):8028-8033

Distribution of Cystine/Glutamate Exchange Transporter, System x_c, in the Mouse Brain

Hideyo Sato¹, Michiko Tamba¹, Suzuka Okuno¹, Kanako Sato¹, Kazuko Keino-Masu^{2, 3}, Masayuki Masu², and Shiro Bannai¹

Departments of ¹ Biochemistry and ² Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan, and ³ Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, Namiki, Saitama 359-8513, Japan

Mammalian cells express a transport system known as system x_c, which is an exchange agency specific for anionic forms of cystine and glutamate. System x_c activity is important to maintain both intracellular glutathione levels and the redox balance between cystine and cysteine in the extracellular milieu. We have shown that the cloned cDNAs encoding the transporter for system x_c consist of two components, xCT and the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen. In the present study, we have investigated the mRNA distribution for these components in the mouse brain by in situ hybridization. The xCT mRNA was expressed in the area postrema, subfornical organ, habenular nucleus, hypothalamic area, and ependymal cells of the lateral wall of the third ventricle in the adult mouse brain. A strong signal was also detected in the meninges in both adult and fetal mouse brains. The mRNA expression of the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen was detected in a more broad area, including all of the regions in which xCT mRNA was detected. These data are compatible with our biochemical evidence that xCT functions in combination with the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen to elicit system x_c activity. The expression of system x_c in meninges and some circumventricular organs may suggest that this transporter contributes to the maintenance of the redox state (i.e., cysteine/cystine ratio) in the CSF.

Key words: system x_c; cystine; glutamate; glutathione; amino acid transport; CSF; circumventricular organ

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22188028-06$05.00/0

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