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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 1, 2002, 22(19):8762-8770

Consequences of Dopaminergic Denervation on the Metabolic Activity of the Cortical Neurons Projecting to the Subthalamic Nucleus in the Rat

Gaël Orieux¹, Chantal François¹, Jean Féger^{1, 2}, and Etienne C. Hirsch¹

¹ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.289 "Neurologie et Thérapeutique Expérimentale," Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 75651 Paris Cedex 13, France, and ² Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université René Descartes, Paris, 75006 France

Parkinsonian symptoms are currently thought to be related to hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN). Because the STN is known to receive many inputs including glutamatergic cortical afferent fibers, we sought to determine whether the activity of this pathway is altered after dopaminergic denervation to estimate its contribution to the impairment of STN activity.

A precise mapping of the origin of the corticosubthalamic projection was first performed using retrograde and anterograde tracing methods. Cortical neurons projecting to the STN were found to originate in layer V of the motor, anterior cingulate, and dorsal insular cortices, and the most anterior tip of the frontal lobe, leading to different functional corticosubthalamic inputs. The metabolic activity of the neurons projecting to the STN, first identified by retrograde tracing, was then evaluated by in situ hybridization of the first subunit of cytochrome oxidase (COI), a marker of metabolic activity, in unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats. Measurements of COI mRNA expression showed a 38 and 41.5% decrease after dopaminergic denervation in the neurons projecting to the STN located in the motor and dorsal insular areas, respectively, whereas neuronal activity was mildly changed in neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex.

The modified activity of STN neurons in parkinsonism may thus result in part from complex interactions between glutamatergic hyperactive fibers originating in the thalamus and the pedunculopontine nucleus and hypoactive fibers originating in the cerebral cortex.

Key words: subthalamic nucleus; cerebral cortex; Parkinson's disease; dopamine; neuronal tracing; cytochrome oxidase

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22198762-09$05.00/0

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