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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 15, 2002, 22(20):9024-9034
Differential Involvement of Parietal and Precentral Regions in
Movement Preparation and Motor Intention
Daniel
Thoenissen1,
Karl
Zilles1, and
Ivan
Toni1, 2
1 Institut für Medizin, Forschungszentrum
Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany, and
2 F. C. Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging,
University of Nijmegen, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Flexible goal-oriented behavior relies on spatial coordinate
transformations and motor control mechanisms, but also on the capability to take advantage of contextual information for steering the
sensorimotor machinery. Although accurate performance of a sensorimotor
task requires parietal and frontal regions, their differential
contribution and functional relationship with other associative regions
remains obscure.
We have used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to
measure human cerebral activity associated with motor cognitive
processes in the context of delayed performance of an associative
visuomotor task. Movement instruction (specified by visual cues) and
motor performance (specified by an auditory cue) were separated by a
variable delay period. By manipulating the predictive value of the
instruction cue, we distinguished delay-related activity influenced by
response probabilities (motor preparation and motor inhibition) from
delay-related activity unaffected by the likelihood of providing a
motor response (motor intention).
We found delay-related activity distributed across a cerebral network
involving not only frontal circuitry, but also extrastriate and
mediotemporal regions. Areas showing motor intentions and preparatory
responses were spatially intermingled. Posterior parietal cortex
deviated from this pattern, showing delay-related activity regardless
of movement probability, but no specific preparatory responses.
These results suggest that posterior parietal cortex and dorsal
precentral cortex play different strategic roles in handling associative visuomotor problems. While parietal regions cover a range
of potential responses defined by the task setting, precentral regions
focus on a likely movement. Temporo-prefrontal regions might
incorporate contextual information in the visuomotor process by
defining potential and probable responses on the basis of the task contingencies.
Key words:
posterior parietal cortex; premotor cortex; temporal
cortex; hippocampus; delay-related activity; visuomotor
associations
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/22209024-11$05.00/0
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