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The Journal of Neuroscience, November 1, 2002, 22(21):9166-9170

BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Correlations between Visual Recognition Memory and Neocortical and Hippocampal Glucose Metabolism after Bilateral Rhinal Cortex Lesions in the Baboon: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease

Xavier Blaizot^{1, 2}, Kenichi Meguro¹, Isabelle Millien^{1, 2, 3}, Jean Claude Baron^{1, 4}, and Chantal Chavoix^{1, 3}

¹ Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 320, ² Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Direction des Sciences de la Vie/Division de la Recherche Médicale, and ³ Equipe Universitaire, Université de Basse Normandie, 14000 Caen, France, and ⁴ Department of Neurology, University of Cambridge CB2 2QQ, Cambridge, UK

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the rhinal cortex is the area earliest and most affected by neurofibrillary tangles, and the degree of temporoparietal glucose hypometabolism and rhinal cortex atrophy are both correlated with dementia severity. In monkeys, damage to the rhinal cortex leads to severe impairment in declarative memory, which is also affected preferentially in early AD. To investigate the contribution of rhinal alterations to the interrelationships between cerebral hypometabolism and declarative memory impairment observed in AD, we studied the effects of excitotoxic bilateral rhinal lesions in baboons on cerebral glucose consumption (CMRglc) as measured by positron emission tomography and performance on a visual recognition memory task as assessed in parallel by a delayed nonmatching-to-sample task. We reported previously that these rhinal lesions induce both a long-lasting hypometabolism in several remote brain regions (Meguro et al., 1999) and impaired memory performance (Chavoix et al., 2002). The present analysis indicates that across lesioned and sham baboons, memory scores were significantly positively correlated (p < 0.05; Spearman) with concomitant CMRglc values of several brain areas, such as neocortical associative and posterior hippocampal regions. These findings, reminiscent of those reported in AD, suggest that the neurodegenerative process that affects the rhinal cortex in early AD plays a crucial role in the pattern of brain hypometabolism and consequently in the declarative memory impairments characteristic of this disease.

Key words: Alzheimer's disease; cerebral glucose metabolism; declarative memory; entorhinal and perirhinal cortices; excitotoxic lesion; nonhuman primate

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/22219166-05$05.00/0

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