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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 1, 2002, 22(23):10182-10191
Activation of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors Enhances the
Release of Endogenous Cannabinoids in the Hippocampus
Jimok
Kim1, 2,
Masako
Isokawa1, 2,
Catherine
Ledent3, and
Bradley E.
Alger1, 2
1 Program in Neuroscience and 2 Department
of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore,
Maryland 21201, and 3 Institut de Recherche
Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Nucléaire,
Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) are endogenous compounds
that resemble the active ingredient of marijuana and activate the
cannabinoid receptor in the brain. They mediate retrograde signaling
from principal cells to both inhibitory ["depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition" (DSI)] and excitatory
("depolarization-induced suppression of excitation") afferent
fibers. Transient endocannabinoid release is triggered by
voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx and is upregulated by
group I metabotropic glutamate receptor activation. Here we show that
muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation also enhances
transient endocannabinoid release (DSI) and induces persistent release.
Inhibitory synapses in the rat hippocampal CA1 region of acute slices
were studied using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. We found that low
concentrations (0.2-0.5 µM) of carbachol (CCh) enhanced
DSI without affecting basal evoked IPSCs (eIPSCs) by activating mAChRs
on postsynaptic cells. Higher concentrations of CCh ( 1
µM) enhanced DSI and also persistently depressed basal
eIPSCs, mainly by releasing endocannabinoids. Persistent CCh-induced
endocannabinoid release did not require an increase in
[Ca2+]i but was dependent on
G-proteins. Although they were independent at the receptor level,
muscarinic and glutamatergic mechanisms of endocannabinoid release
shared intracellular machinery. Replication of the effects of CCh by
blocking acetylcholinesterase with eserine suggests that mAChR-mediated
endocannabinoid release is physiologically relevant. This study reveals
a new role of the muscarinic cholinergic system in mammalian brain.
Key words:
GABAergic IPSC; mAChR; DSI; retrograde messenger; retrograde signaling; mGluR
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/222310182-10$05.00/0
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J. Trettel and E. S. Levine
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