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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1, 2002, 22(5):1752-1762
Folic Acid Deficiency and Homocysteine Impair DNA Repair in
Hippocampal Neurons and Sensitize Them to Amyloid Toxicity in
Experimental Models of Alzheimer's Disease
Inna I.
Kruman1,
T. S.
Kumaravel2,
Althaf
Lohani2,
Ward A.
Pedersen1,
Roy G.
Cutler1,
Yuri
Kruman1,
Norman
Haughey1,
Jaewon
Lee1,
Michele
Evans2, and
Mark P.
Mattson1, 3
Laboratories of 1 Neurosciences and
2 Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Institute on
Aging Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, and
3 Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Recent epidemiological and clinical data suggest that persons with
low folic acid levels and elevated homocysteine levels are at increased
risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the underlying mechanism is
unknown. We tested the hypothesis that impaired one-carbon metabolism
resulting from folic acid deficiency and high homocysteine levels
promotes accumulation of DNA damage and sensitizes neurons to amyloid
-peptide (A ) toxicity. Incubation of hippocampal cultures in
folic acid-deficient medium or in the presence of methotrexate (an
inhibitor of folic acid metabolism) or homocysteine induced cell death
and rendered neurons vulnerable to death induced by A . Methyl donor
deficiency caused uracil misincorporation and DNA damage and greatly
potentiated A toxicity as the result of reduced repair of
A -induced oxidative modification of DNA bases. When maintained on a
folic acid-deficient diet, amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutant
transgenic mice, but not wild-type mice, exhibited increased cellular
DNA damage and hippocampal neurodegeneration. Levels of A were
unchanged in the brains of folate-deficient APP mutant mice. Our data
suggest that folic acid deficiency and homocysteine impair DNA repair
in neurons, which sensitizes them to oxidative damage induced by
A .
Key words:
apoptosis; comet assay; glycosylase; oxidative stress; transgenic; uracil
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/2251752-11$05.00/0
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