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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 2002, 22(6):2237-2245

cAMP/Ca²⁺ Response Element-Binding Protein Function Is Essential for Ocular Dominance Plasticity

Amanda F. Mower^{1, 2}, David S. Liao¹, Eric J. Nestler³, Rachael L. Neve⁴, and Ary S. Ramoa¹

¹ Department of Anatomy and ² the Neuroscience Program, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0709, ³ Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9070, and ⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478

The monocular deprivation model of amblyopia is characterized by a reduction in cortical responses to stimulation of the deprived eye. Although the effects of monocular deprivation on the primary visual cortex have been well characterized physiologically and anatomically, the molecular mechanisms underlying ocular dominance plasticity remain unknown. Previous studies have indicated that the transcription factor adenosine cAMP/Ca²⁺ response element-binding protein (CREB) is activated during monocular deprivation. However, it remains unknown whether CREB function is required for the loss of cortical responses to the deprived eye. To address this issue, we used the herpes simplex virus (HSV) to express a dominant negative form of CREB (HSV-mCREB) containing a single point mutation that prevents its activation. Quantitative single-unit electrophysiology showed that cortical expression of this mutated form of CREB during monocular deprivation prevented the loss of responses to the deprived eye. This effect was specific and not related to viral toxicity, because overexpression of functional CREB or expression of -galactosidase using HSV injections did not prevent the ocular dominance shift during monocular deprivation. Additional evidence for specificity was provided by the finding that blockade of ocular dominance plasticity was reversible; animals treated with HSV-mCREB recovered ocular dominance plasticity when mCREB expression declined. Moreover, this effect did not result from a suppression of sensory responses caused by the viral infection because neurons in infected cortex responded normally to visual stimulation. These findings demonstrate that CREB function is essential for ocular dominance plasticity.

Key words: CREB; ocular dominance plasticity; primary visual cortex; ferret; herpes simplex virus; viral-mediated gene transfer; monocular deprivation

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Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/02/2262237-09$05.00/0

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