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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 2002, 22(6):2299-2312
Serotonin Release Evoked by Tail Nerve Stimulation in the CNS
of Aplysia: Characterization and Relationship to
Heterosynaptic Plasticity
Stéphane
Marinesco and
Thomas
J.
Carew
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California,
Irvine, California 92697-4550
Considerable experimental evidence suggests that serotonin (5-HT)
at sensory neuron motor neuron (SNMN) synapses, as well as other
neuronal sites, contributes importantly to simple forms of learning
such as sensitization and classical conditioning in Aplysia. However, the actual release of 5-HT in the CNS
induced by sensitizing stimuli such as tail shock has not been directly demonstrated. In this study, we addressed this question by (1) immunohistochemically labeling central 5-HT processes and (2) directly
measuring with chronoamperometry the release of 5-HT induced by pedal
tail nerve (P9) shock onto tail SNs in the pleural ganglion and their
synapses onto tail MNs in the pedal ganglion.
We found that numerous 5-HT-immunoreactive fibers surround both the SN
cell bodies in the pleural ganglion and SN axons in the pedal ganglion.
Chronoamperometric detection of 5-HT performed with carbon fiber
electrodes implanted in the vicinity of tail SN somata and synapses
revealed an electrochemical 5-HT signal lasting ~40 sec after a brief
shock of P9. 5-HT release was restricted to discrete subregions
(modulatory fields) of the CNS, including the vicinity of tail SN soma
and synapses ipsilateral to the stimulation. Increasing P9 shock
frequency augmented the amplitude of the 5-HT signal and, in parallel,
increased SN excitability and SN synaptic transmission onto tail MNs.
However, the relationship between the amount of 5-HT release and the
two forms of SN plasticity was not uniform: SN excitability increased
in a graded manner with increased 5-HT release, whereas synaptic
facilitation exhibited a highly nonlinear relationship. The development
of chronoamperometric techniques in Aplysia now paves
the way for a more complete understanding of the contribution of the
serotonergic modulatory pathway to memory processing in this system.
Key words:
chronoamperometry; in vivo
electrochemistry; carbon fiber electrodes; synaptic facilitation; excitability; neuromodulation
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/2262299-14$05.00/0
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