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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 1, 2002, 22(7):2679-2689
Enriched Odor Exposure Increases the Number of Newborn Neurons in
the Adult Olfactory Bulb and Improves Odor Memory
Christelle
Rochefort1, *,
Gilles
Gheusi1, 2, *,
Jean-Didier
Vincent1, and
Pierre-Marie
Lledo1
1 Perception and Memory Laboratory, Centre National de
la Recherche Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 2182, Institut Pasteur, 75 724 Paris Cedex 15, France, and
2 Laboratory of Ethology, Centre National de la Recherche
Scientifique Unité de Recherche Associée 7025, Université Paris XIII, 93430 Villetaneuse, France
In the mammalian forebrain, most neurons originate from
proliferating cells in the ventricular zone lining the lateral
ventricles, including a discrete area of the subventricular zone (SVZ).
In this region, neurogenesis continues into adulthood. Most of the cells generated in the SVZ are neuronal precursors with progeny that
migrate rostrally along a pathway known as the rostral migratory stream
before they reach the main olfactory bulb (MOB) where they differentiate into local interneurons. The olfactory system thus provides an attractive model to investigate neuronal production and
survival, processes involving interplay between genetic and epigenetic
influences. The present study was conducted to investigate whether
exposure to an odor-enriched environment affects neurogenesis and
learning in adult mice. Animals housed in either a standard or an
odor-enriched environment for 40 d were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to detect proliferation among progenitor cells and to follow their survival in the MOB. The number of
BrdU-labeled neurons was not altered 4 hr after a single BrdU
injection. In contrast, the number of surviving progenitors 3 weeks
after BrdU injection was markedly increased in animals housed in an
enriched environment. This effect was specific because enriched odor
exposure did not influence hippocampal neurogenesis. Finally, we showed that adult mice housed in odor-enriched cages display improved olfactory memory without a change in spatial learning performance. By
maintaining a constitutive turnover of granule cells subjected to
modulation by environmental cues, ongoing bulbar neurogenesis could be
associated with improved olfactory memory.
Key words:
behavior; cell survival; interneurons; hippocampus; olfaction; progenitor cells; neurogenesis
*
C.R. and G.G. contributed equally to the work.
Copyright © 2002 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/02/2272679-11$05.00/0
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