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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 2, 2003, 23(13):5662-5673
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Mediates Activity-Dependent Dendritic Growth in Nonpyramidal Neocortical Interneurons in Developing Organotypic Cultures
Xiaoming Jin,1
Hang Hu,1
Peter H. Mathers,2,3,4,5 and
Ariel Agmon1,5
Departments of 1Neurobiology and Anatomy,
2Otolaryngology, 3Biochemistry
and Molecular Pharmacology, and 4Ophthalmology, and
5The Sensory Neuroscience Research Center, West
Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-9128
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes postnatal maturation of
GABAergic inhibition in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, and its
expression and release are enhanced by neuronal activity, suggesting that it
acts in a feedback manner to maintain a balance between excitation and
inhibition during development. BDNF promotes differentiation of cerebellar,
hippocampal, and neostriatal inhibitory neurons, but its effects on the
dendritic development of neocortical inhibitory interneurons remain unknown.
Here, we show that BDNF mediates depolarization-induced dendritic growth and
branching in neocortical interneurons. To visualize inhibitory interneurons,
we biolistically transfected organotypic cortical slice cultures from neonatal
mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by the glutamic acid
decarboxylase (GAD)67 promoter. Nearly all GAD67GFP-expressing neurons
were nonpyramidal, many contained GABA, and some expressed markers of
neurochemically defined GABAergic subtypes, indicating that
GAD67GFP-expressing neurons were GABAergic. We traced dendritic trees
from confocal images of the same GAD67GFP-expressing neurons before and
after a 5 d growth period, and quantified the change in total dendritic length
(TDL) and total dendritic branch points (TDBPs) for each neuron.
GAD67GFP-expressing neurons growing in control medium exhibited a 20%
increase in TDL, but in 200 ng/ml BDNF or 10 mM KCl, this increase
nearly doubled and was accompanied by a significant increase in TDBPs.
Blocking action potentials with TTX did not prevent the BDNF-induced growth,
but antibodies against BDNF blocked the growth-promoting effect of KCl. We
conclude that BDNF, released by neocortical pyramidal neurons in response to
depolarization, enhances dendritic growth and branching in nearby inhibitory
interneurons.
Key words: biolistic; BDNF; GABA; GAD67; gene gun; inhibitory interneuron; neocortical development; neurotrophins; organotypic slice
Received Oct. 1, 2002;
revised May. 5, 2003;
accepted May. 5, 2003.
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