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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 16, 2003, 23(15):6304-6314
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Does cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Have a Pivotal Role in Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity and Hippocampus-Dependent Memory?
Detlef Balschun6,1 *
David P. Wolfer,2 *
Peter Gass,3,4
Theo Mantamadiotis,3,5
Hans Welzl,2
Günther Schütz,3
Julietta U. Frey,1 and
Hans-Peter Lipp2
1Department of Neurophysiology, Leibniz Institute
for Neurobiology, 39108 Magdeburg, Germany, 2Institute
of Anatomy and Center for Neuroscience, University of Zürich, 8057
Zürich, Switzerland, 3Department of Molecular
Biology of the Cell I, German Cancer Research Center, University of
Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, 4Central
Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, 68159 Mannheim, Germany, and
5Trescowthick Research Laboratories, Peter MacCallum
Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, 3002, Australia
Previous studies addressing the role of the transcription factor cAMP
response element-binding protein (CREB) in mammalian long-term synaptic
plasticity and memory by gene targeting were compromised by incomplete
deletion of the CREB isoforms. Therefore, we generated conditional knock-out
strains with a marked reduction or complete deletion of all CREB isoforms in
the hippocampus. In these strains, no deficits could be detected in lasting
forms of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression
(LTD). When tested for hippocampus-dependent learning, mutants showed normal
context-dependent fear conditioning. Water maze learning was impaired during
the early stages, but many mutants showed satisfactory scores in probe trials
thought to measure hippocampus-dependent spatial memory. However, conditioned
taste aversion learning, a putatively hippocampus-independent memory test, was
markedly impaired. Our data indicate that in the adult mouse brain, loss of
CREB neither prevents learning nor substantially affects performance in some
hippocampus-dependent tasks. Furthermore, it spares LTP and LTD in paradigms
that are sensitive enough to detect deficits in other mutants. This implies
either a species-specific or regionally restricted role of CREB in the brain
and/or a compensatory upregulation of the cAMP response element modulator
(CREM) and other as yet unidentified transcription factors.
Key words: CREB; synaptic plasticity; LTP; LTD; learning; memory; water maze; fear conditioning; hippocampus; conditioned taste aversion
Received Dec. 16, 2002;
revised Apr. 28, 2003;
accepted May. 1, 2003.
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