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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 16, 2003, 23(15):6345-6350
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Interaural Time Sensitivity Dominated by Cochlea-Induced Envelope Patterns
Philip X. Joris1,2 1Laboratory of Auditory Neurophysiology, Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, K. U. Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, and 2Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin, Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706.
To localize sounds in space, humans heavily depend on minute interaural time differences (ITDs) generated by path-length differences to the two ears. Physiological studies of ITD sensitivity have mostly used deterministic, periodic sounds, in which either the waveform fine structure or a sinusoidal envelope is delayed interaurally. For natural broadband stimuli, however, auditory frequency selectivity causes individual channels to have their own envelopes; the temporal code in these channels is thus a mixture of fine structure and envelope. This study introduces a method to disentangle the contributions of fine structure and envelope in both binaural and monaural responses to broadband noise. In the inferior colliculus (IC) of the cat, a population of neurons was found in which envelope fluctuations dominate ITD sensitivity. This population extends over a surprisingly wide range of frequencies, including low frequencies for which fine-structure information is also available. A comparison with the auditory nerve suggests that an elaboration of envelope coding occurs between the nerve and the IC. These results suggest that internally generated envelopes play a more important role in binaural hearing than is commonly thought.
Key words: sound localization; binaural; coincidence detection; inferior colliculus; auditory nerve; phase-locking; temporal coding
Received Apr. 3, 2003; revised May. 13, 2003; accepted May. 14, 2003.
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