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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 20, 2003, 23(20):7543-7550
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Circadian Clock-Controlled Regulation of cGMP-Protein Kinase G in the Nocturnal Domain
Shelley A. Tischkau,1
E. Todd Weber,2
Sabra M. Abbott,2
Jennifer W. Mitchell,1 and
Martha U. Gillette1,2
Departments of 1Cell and Structural Biology and
2Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 60801
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) circadian clock exhibits a recurrent
series of dynamic cellular states, characterized by the ability of exogenous
signals to activate defined kinases that alter clock time. To explore
potential relationships between kinase activation by exogenous signals and
endogenous control mechanisms, we examined clock-controlled protein kinase G
(PKG) regulation in the mammalian SCN. Signaling via the cGMP-PKG pathway is
required for light- or glutamate (GLU)-induced phase advance in late night.
Spontaneous cGMP-PKG activation occurred at the end of subjective night in
free-running SCN in vitro. Phasing of the SCN rhythm in
vitro was delayed by 3 hr after treatment with guanylyl cyclase (GC)
inhibitors, PKG inhibition, or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide ( ODN)
specific for PKG, but not PKA inhibitor or mismatched ODN. This sensitivity to
GC-PKG inhibition was limited to the same 2 hr time window demarcated by
clock-controlled activation of cGMP-PKG. Inhibition of the cGMP-PKG pathway at
this time caused delays in the phasing of four endogenous rhythms:
wheel-running activity, neuronal activity, cGMP, and Per1. Timing of
the cGMP-PKG-necessary window in both rat and mouse depended on clock phase,
established by the antecedent light/dark cycle rather than solar time. Because
behavioral, neurophysiological, biochemical, and molecular rhythms showed the
same temporal sensitivities and qualitative responses, we predict that
clock-regulated GC-cGMP-PKG activation may provide a necessary cue as to clock
state at the end of the nocturnal domain. Because sensitivity to phase advance
by light-GLU-activated GC-cGMP-PKG occurs in juxtaposition, these signals may
induce a premature shift to this PKG-necessary clock state.
Key words: protein kinase G (PKG); suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN); circadian; Per1; cGMP; oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN)
Received May. 8, 2003;
revised Jun. 27, 2003;
accepted Jul. 2, 2003.
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