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The Journal of Neuroscience, September 24, 2003, 23(25):8743-8751
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Cellular/Molecular
Dual Effect of High-Frequency Stimulation on Subthalamic Neuron Activity
Liliana Garcia,1 Jacques Audin,1 Giampaolo D'Alessandro,3 Bernard Bioulac,1 andConstance Hammond2 1Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 5543), Université de Bordeaux 2, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, 2Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (Institut National de la Recherche Médicale U 29), BP 13, 13273 Marseille Cedex 9, France, and 3Department of Mathematics, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
Although it is well known that high-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) alleviates the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson's disease, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated the effect of stimulation from low to high frequencies on rat STN neurons in naive and dopamine-depleted slices using whole-cell, current-clamp techniques and on-line artifact suppression. Stimulation at 10 Hz evoked 10 Hz single spikes but did not significantly modify ongoing STN activity. In contrast, at therapeutically relevant frequencies (80-185 Hz), stimulation had a dual effect: it fully suppressed STN spontaneous activity and generated a robust pattern of recurrent bursts of spikes, with each spike being time-locked to a stimulus pulse. Neither the suppression of spontaneous activity nor the generation of spikes was prevented by the antagonists of the metabotropic and ionotropic receptors of glutamate and
-aminobutyric acid. Tetrodotoxin, the Na+ channel blocker, suppressed all HFS-evoked spikes, whereas nifedipin, an L-type Ca2+-channel blocker, abolished the membrane oscillations underlying bursts. Therefore, we conclude that HFS drives the STN neuronal activity by directly activating the neuronal membrane. We suggest that this pattern may remove the deleterious activity of the basal ganglia network in the parkinsonian state and drive target neurons to a high-frequency state of activity, dependent on the characteristics of STN efferent synapses and resonant properties of target membranes.
Key words: high-frequency stimulation; subthalamic nucleus; evoked bursting state; patch-clamp recordings; in vitro; gamma band frequency
Received April 14, 2003; revised July 29, 2003; accepted August 1, 2003.
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