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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 22, 2003, 23(29):9541-9546

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Phonological Grammar Shapes the Auditory Cortex: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Charlotte Jacquemot,^1,2 Christophe Pallier,³ Denis LeBihan,³ Stanislas Dehaene,³ and Emmanuel Dupoux¹

¹Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales-Ecole Normale Supérieure, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 75006 Paris, France, ²Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris XII, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 94010 Cedex Créteil, France, and ³Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot and Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 91401 Cedex Orsay, France

Languages differ depending on the set of basic sounds they use (the inventory of consonants and vowels) and on the way in which these sounds can be combined to make up words and phrases (phonological grammar). Previous research has shown that our inventory of consonants and vowels affects the way in which our brains decode foreign sounds (Goto, 1971; Näätänen et al., 1997; Kuhl, 2000). Here, we show that phonological grammar has an equally potent effect. We build on previous research, which shows that stimuli that are phonologically ungrammatical are assimilated to the closest grammatical form in the language (Dupoux et al., 1999). In a cross-linguistic design using French and Japanese participants and a fast event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm, we show that phonological grammar involves the left superior temporal and the left anterior supramarginal gyri, two regions previously associated with the processing of human vocal sounds.

Key words: speech perception; cross linguistic study; language specific illusion; planum temporale; fMRI; phonological grammar

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Received June 10, 2003; revised August 21, 2003; accepted August 25, 2003.

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