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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 1, 2003, 23(3):1087
Activity of Different Classes of Neurons of the Motor Cortex
during Locomotion
Irina N.
Beloozerova1,
Mikhail G.
Sirota1, and
Harvey A.
Swadlow2
1 Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital
and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, and
2 Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut,
Storrs, Connecticut 06269
This study examines the activity of different classes of neurons of
the motor cortex in the rabbit during two locomotion tasks: a simple
(on a flat surface) and a complex (overstepping a series of barriers)
locomotion. Four classes of efferent neurons were studied:
corticocortical (CC) neurons with ipsilateral projection (CCIs), those
with contralateral projection (CCCs), descending corticofugal neurons
of layer V (CF5s), and those of layer VI (CF6s). In addition, one class
of inhibitory interneurons (SINs) was investigated. CF5 neurons and
SINs were the only groups that were strongly active during locomotion.
In most of these neurons a clear-cut modulation of discharge in the
locomotion rhythm was observed. During simple locomotion, CF5s and SINs
were preferentially active in opposite phases of the step cycle,
suggesting that SINs contribute to formation of the step-related
pattern of CF5s. Transition from simple to complex locomotion was
associated with changes of the discharge pattern of the majority of CF5
neurons and SINs. In contrast to CF5 neurons, other classes of efferent
neurons (CCI, CCC, CF6) were much less active during both simple and
complex locomotion. That suggests that CC interactions, both within a hemisphere (mediated by CCIs) and between hemispheres (mediated by
CCCs), as well as corticothalamic interactions via CF6 neurons are not
essential for motor coordination during either simple or complex
locomotion tasks.
Key words:
motor cortex; corticocortical neurons; corticothalamic neurons; interneurons; locomotion; rabbit
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2331087-11$05.00/0
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