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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2003, 23(4):1114

BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Hippocampal Theta in the Newborn Rat Is Revealed under Conditions That Promote REM Sleep

Karl Æ. Karlsson and Mark S. Blumberg

Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242

Hippocampal theta activity, a high-amplitude, slow (4-12 Hz) oscillation that occurs in a variety of behavioral contexts, is thought to emerge in infant rats only after 1 week of age. However, we report here that unanesthetized 2- and 4-d-old rats with electrodes implanted in the CA1 field of the hippocampus and tested in thermoneutral conditions exhibit theta activity. Moreover, this infant theta is characterized by the same neuronal bursting pattern and power spectrum that characterize theta in adults. Simultaneous measures of behavior and neck muscle tone indicated that bouts of theta occurred predominantly during periods of muscle atonia (with or without concurrent myoclonic twitching), indicative of REM sleep. In contrast, sharp waves were accompanied by startles (i.e., simultaneous and vigorous movement of all four limbs). These findings underscore the need for comprehensive in vivo investigations of the pharmacology, neural substrates, and behavioral correlates of hippocampal field activity in neonates.

Key words: REM sleep; hippocampus; sharp waves; muscle tone; myoclonic twitching; behavior; temperature; startle

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Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/03/2341114-05$05.00/0

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. J. Mohns and M. S. Blumberg Synchronous Bursts of Neuronal Activity in the Developing Hippocampus: Modulation by Active Sleep and Association with Emerging Gamma and Theta Rhythms J. Neurosci., October 1, 2008; 28(40): 10134 - 10144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. T. Sipila, S. Schuchmann, J. Voipio, J. Yamada, and K. Kaila The cation-chloride cotransporter NKCC1 promotes sharp waves in the neonatal rat hippocampus J. Physiol., June 15, 2006; 573(3): 765 - 773. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Ae. Karlsson and M. S. Blumberg Temperature-Induced Reciprocal Activation of Hippocampal Field Activity J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2004; 91(1): 583 - 588. [Abstract] [Full Text]

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