QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

HOME  |   SEARCH  |   ARCHIVE  |   SUBSCRIBE  |   CONTACT  |   HELP

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit an eLetter Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (25) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kodama, T. Articles by Siegel, J. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kodama, T. Articles by Siegel, J. M.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

The Journal of Neuroscience, February 15, 2003, 23(4):1548

Changes in Inhibitory Amino Acid Release Linked to Pontine-Induced Atonia: An In Vivo Microdialysis Study

Tohro Kodama^{1, 2}, Yuan-Yang Lai², and Jerome M. Siegel²

¹ Department of Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Neuroscience, Fuchu, Tokyo 183 8526, Japan, and ² Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, and Sepulveda Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Hills, California 91343

We hypothesized that cessation of brainstem monoaminergic systems and an activation of brainstem inhibitory systems are both involved in pontine inhibitory area (PIA) stimulation-induced muscle atonia. In our previous study (Lai et al., 2001), we found a decrease in norepinephrine and serotonin release in motoneuron pools during PIA stimulation-induced muscle tone suppression. We now demonstrate an increase in inhibitory amino acid release in motor nuclei during PIA stimulation in the decerebrate cat using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC analysis techniques. Microinjection of acetylcholine into the PIA elicited muscle atonia and simultaneously produced a significant increase in both glycine and GABA release in both the hypoglossal nucleus and the lumbar ventral horn. Glycine release increased by 74% in the hypoglossal nucleus and 50% in the spinal cord. GABA release increased by 31% in the hypoglossal nucleus and 64% in the spinal cord during atonia induced by cholinergic stimulation of the PIA. As with cholinergic stimulation, 300 msec train electrical stimulation of the PIA elicited a significant increase in glycine release in the hypoglossal nucleus and ventral horn. GABA release was significantly increased in the hypoglossal nucleus but not in the spinal cord during electrical stimulation of the PIA. Glutamate release in the motor nuclei was not significantly altered during atonia induced by electrical or acetylcholine stimulation of the PIA. We suggest that both glycine and GABA play important roles in the regulation of upper airway and postural muscle tone. A combination of decreased monoamine and increased inhibitory amino acid release in motoneuron pools causes PIA-induced atonia and may be involved in atonia linked to rapid eye-movement sleep.

Key words: glycine; GABA; hypoglossal nucleus; spinal cord; upper airway; REM sleep; obstructive sleep apnea

---

Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience  0270-6474/03/2341548-07$05.00/0

This article has been cited by other articles:

				N. Taepavarapruk, P. Taepavarapruk, J. John, Y. Y. Lai, J. M. Siegel, A. G. Phillips, S. A. McErlane, and P. J. Soja State-Dependent Changes in Glutamate, Glycine, GABA, and Dopamine Levels in Cat Lumbar Spinal Cord J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2008; 100(2): 598 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Burgess, D. Lai, J. Siegel, and J. Peever An Endogenous Glutamatergic Drive onto Somatic Motoneurons Contributes to the Stereotypical Pattern of Muscle Tone across the Sleep-Wake Cycle J. Neurosci., April 30, 2008; 28(18): 4649 - 4660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. L. Brooks and J. H. Peever Glycinergic and GABAA-Mediated Inhibition of Somatic Motoneurons Does Not Mediate Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Motor Atonia J. Neurosci., April 2, 2008; 28(14): 3535 - 3545. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Hoffman, J. W. Brown, E. A. Sirlin, A. M. Benoit, W. H. Gill, M. B. Harris, and R. A. Darnall Activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the paragigantocellularis lateralis decreases shivering during cooling in the conscious piglet Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2007; 293(1): R518 - R527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Ryan and T. D. Bradley Pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea J Appl Physiol, December 1, 2005; 99(6): 2440 - 2450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. B. Fenik, R. O. Davies, and L. Kubin REM Sleep-like Atonia of Hypoglossal (XII) Motoneurons Is Caused by Loss of Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Inputs Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 15, 2005; 172(10): 1322 - 1330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-F. Wu, J. John, L. N. Boehmer, D. Yau, G. B. Nguyen, and J. M. Siegel Activity of dorsal raphe cells across the sleep-waking cycle and during cataplexy in narcoleptic dogs J. Physiol., January 1, 2004; 554(1): 202 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home  |   Search  |   Archive  |   Subscribe  |   Contact  |   Help