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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 2003, 23(6):2086
The Binding of 2-(4'-Methylaminophenyl)Benzothiazole to
Postmortem Brain Homogenates Is Dominated by the Amyloid Component
William E.
Klunk1,
Yanming
Wang2,
Guo-feng
Huang2,
Manik L.
Debnath1,
Daniel P.
Holt2,
Li
Shao1,
Ronald L.
Hamilton3,
Milos
D.
Ikonomovic4,
Steven T.
DeKosky4, and
Chester A.
Mathis2
1 Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department
of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic,
2 PET Facility, Department of Radiology,
3 Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, and
4 Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh Medical
Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
2-(4'-Methylaminophenyl)benzothiazole (BTA-1) is an uncharged
derivative of thioflavin-T that has high affinity for A fibrils and
shows very good brain entry and clearance. In this study, we asked
whether BTA-1, at concentrations typical of those achieved during
positron emission tomography (PET) studies, could specifically bind to
amyloid deposits in the complex milieu of human brain or whether
amyloid binding was overshadowed by nonspecific binding, found even in
brains that did not contain amyloid deposits. We quantitatively
assessed [3H]BTA-1 binding to crude homogenates of
postmortem brain obtained from nine Alzheimer's disease (AD) subjects,
eight controls, and six subjects with non-AD dementia. BTA-1 binding
was >10-fold higher in AD brain, and the majority (94%) of the
binding was specific (displaceable). High-affinity
[3H]BTA-1 was observed only in AD brain gray
matter and was not present in control brain gray matter, AD brain white
matter, or cerebellum. The Kd of
[3H]BTA-1 for binding to AD brain (5.8 ± 0.90 nM) was very similar to the
Kd for binding to synthetic A fibrils. In
addition, the Ki of various BTA analogs for
inhibition of [3H]BTA-1 binding to AD brain
homogenates was very similar to their Ki for
inhibition of [3H]BTA-1 binding to synthetic A
fibrils. Nanomolar concentrations of [3H]BTA-1 did
not appear to bind to neurofibrillary tangles. Finally, BTA-1 did not
appear to bind significantly to common neuroreceptors or transporter
sites. These data suggest that the binding of BTA-1 to AD brain is
dominated by a specific interaction with A amyloid deposits.
Key words:
Alzheimer's disease; neuroimaging; plaques; neurofibrillary tangles; positron emission tomography; PET; thioflavin-T; benzothiazole; postmortem; binding
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2362086-07$05.00/0
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