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Previous Article | Next Article
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 2003, 23(6):2239
Glutamate Promotes Proliferation of Striatal Neuronal Progenitors by an NMDA Receptor-Mediated Mechanism
Kelvin C. Luk1, Timothy E. Kennedy2, and Abbas F. Sadikot1 1 Cone Laboratory and 2 Center for Neuronal Survival, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2B4 Canada
Increasing evidence suggests that classical neurotransmitters play important roles in the development of the mammalian CNS. We used in vivo and in vitro models to identify a novel role for glutamate in striatal neurogenesis mediated by NMDA receptors. In utero exposure to NMDA receptor antagonists during striatal neurogenesis caused a dramatic reduction in the total number of adult striatal neurons. In contrast, embryos exposed to NMDA receptor antagonists immediately after the main period of neurogenesis showed no significant change in neuronal number in the adult striatum. In addition, examination of embryos shortly after NMDA receptor blockade revealed reduced proliferation in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE). In culture, dividing neuronal progenitors derived from the embryonic LGE showed marked reduction in 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) uptake when exposed to NMDA receptor antagonists, indicating reduced DNA synthesis. Low concentrations of NMDA significantly increased proliferation, whereas high concentrations were toxic. AMPA-KA receptor antagonists had no significant effect on striatal neuroblast proliferation either in vivo or in vitro. These results support the hypothesis that glutamate plays a novel role during early development of the ventral telencephalon, promoting proliferation of striatal neuronal progenitors by an NMDA receptor-dependent mechanism. In contrast, previous findings suggest that proliferation of cortical progenitors derived from the dorsal telencephalon is regulated by activation of AMPA-KA but not NMDA receptors. Heterogeneous responses to glutamate in different germinal zones of the telencephalon may be an important mechanism contributing to generating neuronal diversity in the forebrain.
Key words: forebrain; striatum; neurogenesis; neurotransmitter; BrdU; stereology
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2362239-12$05.00/0
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