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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 15, 2003, 23(8):3316
Parkin Binds to / Tubulin and Increases their
Ubiquitination and Degradation
Yong
Ren,
Jinghui
Zhao, and
Jian
Feng
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New
York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
In addition to inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain,
toxins known to cause Parkinson's disease (PD), such as
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and rotenone, also
strongly depolymerize microtubules and increase tubulin degradation.
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin / heterodimers, whose
correct folding requires coordinated actions of cellular chaperonins
and cofactors. Misfolded tubulin monomers are highly toxic and quickly
degraded through a hitherto unknown mechanism. Here we report that
parkin, a protein-ubiquitin E3 ligase linked to PD, was tightly
bound to microtubules in taxol-mediated microtubule coassembly assays.
In lysates from the rat brain or transfected human embryonic kidney
(HEK) 293 cells, -tubulin and -tubulin were strongly
coimmunoprecipitated with parkin at 4°C in the presence of
colchicine, a condition in which tubulin exits as / heterodimers.
At the subcellular level, parkin exhibited punctate immunostaining
along microtubules in rat brain sections, cultured primary neurons,
glial cells, and cell lines. This pattern of subcellular localization
was abolished in cells treated with the microtubule-depolymerizing drug
colchicine. The binding between parkin and tubulin apparently led to
increased ubiquitination and accelerated degradation of - and
-tubulins in HEK293 cells. Similarly ubiquitinated tubulins were
also observed in rat brain lysates. Furthermore, parkin mutants found
in PD patients did not ubiquitinate or degrade either tubulin. Taken
together, our results show that parkin is a novel tubulin-binding
protein, as well as a microtubule-associated protein. Its ability to
enhance the ubiquitination and degradation of misfolded tubulins may
play a significant role in protecting neurons from toxins that cause PD.
Key words:
parkin; Parkinson's disease; tubulin; ubiquitination; misfolding; microtubule; dopamine
Copyright © 2003 Society for Neuroscience 0270-6474/03/2383316-09$05.00/0
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