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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 10, 2004, 24(10):2551-2565; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3569-03.2004

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
The Processing of Visual Shape in the Cerebral Cortex of Human and Nonhuman Primates: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

Katrien Denys,¹ Wim Vanduffel,^1,2 Denis Fize,¹ Koen Nelissen,¹ Hendrik Peuskens,¹ David Van Essen,³ and Guy A. Orban¹

¹Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, K. U. Leuven Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, ²Massachusetts General Hospital-Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martino's Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, and ³Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

We compared neural substrates of two-dimensional shape processing in human and nonhuman primates using functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in awake subjects. The comparison of MR activity evoked by viewing intact and scrambled images of objects revealed shape-sensitive regions in occipital, temporal, and parietal cortex of both humans and macaques. Intraparietal cortex in monkeys was relatively more two-dimensional shape sensitive than that of humans. In both species, there was an interaction between scrambling and type of stimuli (grayscale images and drawings), but the effect of stimulus type was much stronger in monkeys than in humans. Shape- and motion-sensitive regions overlapped to some degree. However, this overlap was much more marked in humans than in monkeys. The shape-sensitive regions can be used to constrain the warping of monkey to human cortex and suggest a large expansion of lateral parietal and superior temporal cortex in humans compared with monkeys.

Key words: visual cortex; functional imaging; object processing; monkey; homology; cue invariance

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Received July 30, 2003; revised January 14, 2004; accepted January 15, 2004.

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