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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 25, 2004, 24(34):7482-7490; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1312-04.2004
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Acute and Chronic Cocaine-Induced Potentiation of Synaptic Strength in the Ventral Tegmental Area: Electrophysiological and Behavioral Correlates in Individual Rats
Stephanie L. Borgland,1 Robert C. Malenka,2 andAntonello Bonci1,3 1Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, Emeryville, California 94608, 2Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California 94304, and 3Wheeler Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110
The initiation of the psychostimulant sensitization process depends on the mesolimbic system, which projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens. Although such initiation is primarily dependent on glutamatergic activity in VTA neurons, the exact role VTA excitatory synapses play in this process is poorly understood. Here, we examine the effects of repeated in vivo injections of cocaine on the magnitude and duration of the increase in strength at VTA excitatory synapses reported previously to be elicited by a single in vivo exposure to cocaine (Ungless et al., 2001; Saal et al., 2003). We also compare the synaptic modifications induced by cocaine with its effects on locomotor activity. Surprisingly, repeated cocaine exposure potentiated the ratio of AMPA receptor-mediated to NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs to a similar extent and duration as a single in vivo cocaine exposure. In naive animals, the magnitude of the cocaine-induced locomotor activity after a single injection of cocaine correlated with the magnitude of the accompanying synaptic enhancement. This correlation was lost on the seventh day of repeated cocaine administration, as well as when a challenge injection was given 10 d after the cessation of repeated cocaine administration. These results suggest that the cocaine-induced synaptic plasticity at VTA excitatory synapses is transient, and its duration depends on the last exposure to cocaine. Furthermore, chronic cocaine exposure disrupts the normal, presumably adaptive relationship between synaptic enhancement in the VTA and behavior.
Key words: cocaine; synaptic plasticity; VTA; dopamine; AMPA; NMDA; behavioral sensitization
Received April 7, 2004; revised June 9, 2004; accepted July 2, 2004.
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