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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 20, 2004, 24(42):9269-9275; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2971-04.2004
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Characterization of Fear Memory Reconsolidation
Sevil Duvarci1 and
Karim Nader2
1W. M. Keck Foundation Laboratory of Neurobiology, Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003, and 2Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1
Reactivation of consolidated memories returns them to a protein synthesis-dependent state. One interpretation of these findings is that the memory reconsolidates after use. Two alternative interpretations are that protein synthesis inhibition facilitates extinction and that postreactivation protein synthesis inhibition leads to an inability to retrieve the consolidated memory. First, using two different approaches, we report that reconsolidation cannot be reduced down to facilitated extinction. We show that the reconsolidation deficit does not show renewal after a contextual shift, whereas an extinguished auditory fear memory does under the same conditions and the deficit occurs regardless of whether the memory is reactivated with an extinction [conditioned stimulus (CS) alone] or a reinforced trial (CS-unconditioned stimulus). To address the issue of whether postreactivation anisomycin leads to an inability to retrieve the consolidated memory, we used two traditional assays for retrieval deficits. First, we demonstrate that the amnesia induced by blockade of reconsolidation does not show any spontaneous recovery. Second, we show that application of reminder shock does not result in the reinstatement of the memory. These findings support the idea that reactivation of consolidated memories initiates a second time-dependent memory formation process.
Key words: amygdala; consolidation; reconsolidation; extinction; fear conditioning; plasticity
Received Feb 16, 2004;
revised August 29, 2004;
accepted September 2, 2004.
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