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The Journal of Neuroscience, March 3, 2004, 24(9):2077-2089; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3852-02.2004

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Why Is Spatial Stereoresolution So Low?

Martin S. Banks,^1,2 Sergei Gepshtein,¹ and Michael S. Landy³

¹Vision Science Program, School of Optometry, and ²Department of Psychology and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, and ³Department of Psychology and Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003

Spatial stereoresolution (the finest detectable modulation of binocular disparity) is much poorer than luminance resolution (finest detectable luminance variation). In a series of psychophysical experiments, we examined four factors that could cause low stereoresolution: (1) the sampling properties of the stimulus, (2) the disparity gradient limit, (3) low-pass spatial filtering by mechanisms early in the visual process, and (4) the method by which binocular matches are computed. Our experimental results reveal the contributions of the first three factors. A theoretical analysis of binocular matching by interocular correlation reveals the contribution of the fourth: the highest attainable stereoresolution may be limited by (1) the smallest useful correlation window in the visual system, and (2) a matching process that estimates the disparity of image patches and assumes that disparity is constant across the patch. Both properties are observed in disparity-selective neurons in area V1 of the primate (Nienborg et al., 2004).

Key words: stereopsis; binocular vision; stereoresolution; binocular disparity; binocular correspondence; disparity energy model

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Received Aug 18, 2003; revised January 4, 2004; accepted January 6, 2004.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. Burr, O. Silva, G. M. Cicchini, M. S. Banks, and M. C. Morrone Temporal mechanisms of multimodal binding Proc R Soc B, May 22, 2009; 276(1663): 1761 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Nienborg, H. Bridge, A. J. Parker, and B. G. Cumming Neuronal Computation of Disparity in V1 Limits Temporal Resolution for Detecting Disparity Modulation J. Neurosci., November 2, 2005; 25(44): 10207 - 10219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Nienborg, H. Bridge, A. J. Parker, and B. G. Cumming Receptive Field Size in V1 Neurons Limits Acuity for Perceiving Disparity Modulation J. Neurosci., March 3, 2004; 24(9): 2065 - 2076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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