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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 26, 2005, 25(43):10010-10014; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3307-05.2005

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BRIEF COMMUNICATION
Tracking the Fear Engram: The Lateral Amygdala Is an Essential Locus of Fear Memory Storage

Glenn E. Schafe,¹ Valérie Doyère,^2,3 and Joseph E. LeDoux³

¹Department of Psychology and Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, ²Laboratoire de Neurobiologic de l'Apprentissage, de la Mémoire, et de la Communication, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8620, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France, and ³Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003

Although it is believed that different types of memories are localized in discreet regions of the brain, concrete experimental evidence of the existence of such engrams is often elusive. Despite being one of the best characterized memory systems of the brain, the question of where fear memories are localized in the brain remains a hotly debated issue. Here, we combine site-specific behavioral pharmacology with multisite electrophysiological recording techniques to show that the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, long thought to be critical for the acquisition of fear memories, is also an essential locus of fear memory storage.

Key words: fear conditioning; memory consolidation; amygdala; synaptic plasticity; rat; MAP kinase

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Received July 1, 2005; revised September 17, 2005; accepted September 18, 2005.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. T. Ota, V. J. Pierre, J. E. Ploski, K. Queen, and G. E. Schafe The NO-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway regulates synaptic plasticity and fear memory consolidation in the lateral amygdala via activation of ERK/MAP kinase Learn. Mem., October 2, 2008; 15(10): 792 - 805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Cammarota, L. R. Bevilaqua, J. I. Rossato, R. H. Lima, J. H. Medina, and I. Izquierdo Inaugural Article: Parallel memory processing by the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus and the basolateral amygdala PNAS, July 29, 2008; 105(30): 10279 - 10284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Kalisch, B. Holt, P. Petrovic, B. De Martino, S. Kloppel, C. Buchel, and R. J. Dolan The NMDA Agonist D-Cycloserine Facilitates Fear Memory Consolidation in Humans Cereb Cortex, May 13, 2008; (2008) bhn076v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Yao, J. Schulkin, and R. J. Denver Evolutionarily Conserved Glucocorticoid Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Expression Endocrinology, May 1, 2008; 149(5): 2352 - 2360. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. E. Schafe, M. W. Swank, S. M. Rodrigues, J. Debiec, and V. Doyere Phosphorylation of ERK/MAP kinase is required for long-term potentiation in anatomically restricted regions of the lateral amygdala in vivo Learn. Mem., January 28, 2008; 15(2): 55 - 62. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Kim, S. Lee, K. Park, I. Hong, B. Song, G. Son, H. Park, W. R. Kim, E. Park, H. K. Choe, et al. Amygdala depotentiation and fear extinction PNAS, December 26, 2007; 104(52): 20955 - 20960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Bucherelli, E. Baldi, C. Mariottini, M. B. Passani, and P. Blandina Aversive memory reactivation engages in the amygdala only some neurotransmitters involved in consolidation Learn. Mem., July 1, 2006; 13(4): 426 - 430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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