 |
The Journal of Neuroscience, October 26, 2005, 25(43):9919-9931; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1874-05.2005
Previous Article | Next Article 
Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Neural Correlates of Reach Errors
Jörn Diedrichsen,
Yasmin Hashambhoy,
Tushar Rane, and
Reza Shadmehr
Laboratory for Computational Motor Control, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
Reach errors may be broadly classified into errors arising from unpredictable changes in target location, called target errors, and errors arising from miscalibration of internal models (e.g., when prisms alter visual feedback or a force field alters limb dynamics), called execution errors. Execution errors may be caused by miscalibration of dynamics (e.g., when a force field alters limb dynamics) or by miscalibration of kinematics (e.g., when prisms alter visual feedback). Although all types of errors lead to similar on-line corrections, we found that the motor system showed strong trial-by-trial adaptation in response to random execution errors but not in response to random target errors. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging and a compatible robot to study brain regions involved in processing each kind of error. Both kinematic and dynamic execution errors activated regions along the central and the postcentral sulci and in lobules V, VI, and VIII of the cerebellum, making these areas possible sites of plastic changes in internal models for reaching. Only activity related to kinematic errors extended into parietal area 5. These results are inconsistent with the idea that kinematics and dynamics of reaching are computed in separate neural entities. In contrast, only target errors caused increased activity in the striatum and the posterior superior parietal lobule. The cerebellum and motor cortex were as strongly activated as with execution errors. These findings indicate a neural and behavioral dissociation between errors that lead to switching of behavioral goals and errors that lead to adaptation of internal models of limb dynamics and kinematics.
Key words: fMRI; visual rotation; target jump; target errors; execution errors; force field; internal models; motor learning
Received May 10, 2005;
revised August 24, 2005;
accepted September 17, 2005.
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Ozturk
Levels and Types of Action Selection: The Action Selection Soup
Adaptive Behavior,
December 1, 2009;
17(6):
537 - 554.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Tanaka, T. J. Sejnowski, and J. W. Krakauer
Adaptation to Visuomotor Rotation Through Interaction Between Posterior Parietal and Motor Cortical Areas
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2009;
102(5):
2921 - 2932.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Wang and R. L. Sainburg
Generalization of Visuomotor Learning Between Bilateral and Unilateral Conditions
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2009;
102(5):
2790 - 2799.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Anguera, R. D. Seidler, and W. J. Gehring
Changes in Performance Monitoring During Sensorimotor Adaptation
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2009;
102(3):
1868 - 1879.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-Y. Lee and N. Schweighofer
Dual Adaptation Supports a Parallel Architecture of Motor Memory
J. Neurosci.,
August 19, 2009;
29(33):
10396 - 10404.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
F. Crevecoeur, J.-L. Thonnard, and P. Lefevre
Optimal Integration of Gravity in Trajectory Planning of Vertical Pointing Movements
J Neurophysiol,
August 1, 2009;
102(2):
786 - 796.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. M. Beurze, F. P. de Lange, I. Toni, and W. P. Medendorp
Spatial and Effector Processing in the Human Parietofrontal Network for Reaches and Saccades
J Neurophysiol,
June 1, 2009;
101(6):
3053 - 3062.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. A. Braun, A. Aertsen, D. M. Wolpert, and C. Mehring
Learning Optimal Adaptation Strategies in Unpredictable Motor Tasks
J. Neurosci.,
May 20, 2009;
29(20):
6472 - 6478.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. Rabe, O. Livne, E. R. Gizewski, V. Aurich, A. Beck, D. Timmann, and O. Donchin
Adaptation to Visuomotor Rotation and Force Field Perturbation Is Correlated to Different Brain Areas in Patients With Cerebellar Degeneration
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2009;
101(4):
1961 - 1971.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
K. S. Heffernan, J. J. Sosnoff, E. Ofori, S. Y. Jae, T. Baynard, S. R. Collier, S. Goulopoulou, A. Figueroa, J. A. Woods, K. H. Pitetti, et al.
Complexity of force output during static exercise in individuals with Down syndrome
J Appl Physiol,
April 1, 2009;
106(4):
1227 - 1233.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Reis, H. M. Schambra, L. G. Cohen, E. R. Buch, B. Fritsch, E. Zarahn, P. A. Celnik, and J. W. Krakauer
Noninvasive cortical stimulation enhances motor skill acquisition over multiple days through an effect on consolidation
PNAS,
February 3, 2009;
106(5):
1590 - 1595.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
P. Bedard and J. N. Sanes
Gaze and Hand Position Effects on Finger-Movement-Related Human Brain Activation
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 2009;
101(2):
834 - 842.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Luaute, S. Schwartz, Y. Rossetti, M. Spiridon, G. Rode, D. Boisson, and P. Vuilleumier
Dynamic Changes in Brain Activity during Prism Adaptation
J. Neurosci.,
January 7, 2009;
29(1):
169 - 178.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. Ilg, M. A. Giese, E. R. Gizewski, B. Schoch, and D. Timmann
The influence of focal cerebellar lesions on the control and adaptation of gait
Brain,
November 1, 2008;
131(11):
2913 - 2927.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Izawa and R. Shadmehr
On-Line Processing of Uncertain Information in Visuomotor Control
J. Neurosci.,
October 29, 2008;
28(44):
11360 - 11368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
H. Imamizu and M. Kawato
Neural Correlates of Predictive and Postdictive Switching Mechanisms for Internal Models
J. Neurosci.,
October 15, 2008;
28(42):
10751 - 10765.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Kluzik, J. Diedrichsen, R. Shadmehr, and A. J. Bastian
Reach Adaptation: What Determines Whether We Learn an Internal Model of the Tool or Adapt the Model of Our Arm?
J Neurophysiol,
September 1, 2008;
100(3):
1455 - 1464.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. L. Miller, V. Maffei, G. Bosco, M. Iosa, M. Zago, E. Macaluso, and F. Lacquaniti
Vestibular Nuclei and Cerebellum Put Visual Gravitational Motion in Context
J Neurophysiol,
April 1, 2008;
99(4):
1969 - 1982.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. Casadio, V. Sanguineti, P. Morasso, and C. Solaro
Abnormal sensorimotor control, but intact force field adaptation, in multiple sclerosis subjects with no clinical disability
Multiple Sclerosis,
April 1, 2008;
14(3):
330 - 342.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
R. Srimal, J. Diedrichsen, E. B. Ryklin, and C. E. Curtis
Obligatory Adaptation of Saccade Gains
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2008;
99(3):
1554 - 1558.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
M. C. Simani, L. M. M. McGuire, and P. N. Sabes
Visual-Shift Adaptation Is Composed of Separable Sensory and Task-Dependent Effects
J Neurophysiol,
November 1, 2007;
98(5):
2827 - 2841.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
D. Liu and E. Todorov
Evidence for the Flexible Sensorimotor Strategies Predicted by Optimal Feedback Control
J. Neurosci.,
August 29, 2007;
27(35):
9354 - 9368.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Cotti, A. Guillaume, N. Alahyane, D. Pelisson, and J.-L. Vercher
Adaptation of Voluntary Saccades, But Not of Reactive Saccades, Transfers to Hand Pointing Movements
J Neurophysiol,
August 1, 2007;
98(2):
602 - 612.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
Y.-w. Tseng, J. Diedrichsen, J. W. Krakauer, R. Shadmehr, and A. J. Bastian
Sensory Prediction Errors Drive Cerebellum-Dependent Adaptation of Reaching
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2007;
98(1):
54 - 62.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. A. Taylor and K. A. Thoroughman
Divided Attention Impairs Human Motor Adaptation But Not Feedback Control
J Neurophysiol,
July 1, 2007;
98(1):
317 - 326.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Diedrichsen, S. E. Criscimagna-Hemminger, and R. Shadmehr
Dissociating Timing and Coordination as Functions of the Cerebellum
J. Neurosci.,
June 6, 2007;
27(23):
6291 - 6301.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Diedrichsen, T. Verstynen, A. Hon, Y. Zhang, and R. B. Ivry
Illusions of Force Perception: The Role of Sensori-Motor Predictions, Visual Information, and Motor Errors
J Neurophysiol,
May 1, 2007;
97(5):
3305 - 3313.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
E. Tunik, P. J. Schmitt, and S. T. Grafton
BOLD Coherence Reveals Segregated Functional Neural Interactions When Adapting to Distinct Torque Perturbations
J Neurophysiol,
March 1, 2007;
97(3):
2107 - 2120.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. J. Suminski, S. M. Rao, K. M. Mosier, and R. A. Scheidt
Neural and Electromyographic Correlates of Wrist Posture Control
J Neurophysiol,
February 1, 2007;
97(2):
1527 - 1545.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
S. M. Beurze, F. P. de Lange, I. Toni, and W. P. Medendorp
Integration of Target and Effector Information in the Human Brain During Reach Planning
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2007;
97(1):
188 - 199.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
G. Ganesh, D. W. Franklin, R. Gassert, H. Imamizu, and M. Kawato
Accurate Real-Time Feedback of Surface EMG During fMRI
J Neurophysiol,
January 1, 2007;
97(1):
912 - 920.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J. Diedrichsen, S. Grafton, N. Albert, E. Hazeltine, and R. B. Ivry
Goal-Selection and Movement-Related Conflict during Bimanual Reaching Movements
Cereb Cortex,
December 1, 2006;
16(12):
1729 - 1738.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
A. G. Richardson, S. A. Overduin, A. Valero-Cabre, C. Padoa-Schioppa, A. Pascual-Leone, E. Bizzi, and D. Z. Press
Disruption of Primary Motor Cortex before Learning Impairs Memory of Movement Dynamics
J. Neurosci.,
November 29, 2006;
26(48):
12466 - 12470.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
N. B. Albert
Correcting and Adapting
J. Neurosci.,
May 31, 2006;
26(22):
5861 - 5862.
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
J.-H. Lee and P. van Donkelaar
The human dorsal premotor cortex generates on-line error corrections during sensorimotor adaptation.
J. Neurosci.,
March 22, 2006;
26(12):
3330 - 3334.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|

|