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The Journal of Neuroscience, October 26, 2005, 25(43):9949-9959; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3169-05.2005

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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Identification of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Recycling and Its Role in Maintaining Receptor Density at the Neuromuscular Junction In Vivo

Emile Bruneau, ^* David Sutter, ^* Richard I. Hume, and Mohammed Akaaboune

Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

In the CNS, receptor recycling is critical for synaptic plasticity; however, the recycling of receptors has never been observed at peripheral synapses. Using a novel imaging technique, we show here that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) recycle into the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. By sequentially labeling AChRs with biotin-bungarotoxin and streptavidin-fluorophore conjugates, we were able to distinguish recycled, preexisting, and new receptor pools at synapses in living mice. Time-lapse imaging revealed that recycled AChRs were incorporated into the synapse within hours of initial labeling, and their numbers increased with time. At fully functional synapses, AChR recycling was robust and comparable in magnitude with the insertion of newly synthesized receptors, whereas chronic synaptic activity blockade nearly abolished receptor recycling. Finally, using the same sequential labeling method, we found that acetylcholinesterase, another synaptic component, does not recycle. These results identify an activity-dependent AChR-recycling mechanism that enables the regulation of receptor density, which could lead to rapid alterations in synaptic efficacy.

Key words: toxin; turnover; synaptic transmission; neuromuscular junction; trafficking; acetylcholine receptor (AChR)

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Received April 26, 2005; revised September 12, 2005; accepted September 13, 2005.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Kumari, V. Borroni, A. Chaudhry, B. Chanda, R. Massol, S. Mayor, and F. J. Barrantes Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is internalized via a Rac-dependent, dynamin-independent endocytic pathway J. Cell Biol., July 10, 2008; 181(7): 1179 - 1193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Zhu, Z. Yang, Z. Luo, S. Luo, W. C. Xiong, and L. Mei Muscle-Specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Endocytosis in Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering in Response to Agrin J. Neurosci., February 13, 2008; 28(7): 1688 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Martinez-Pena y Valenzuela and M. Akaaboune Acetylcholinesterase Mobility and Stability at the Neuromuscular Junction of Living Mice Mol. Biol. Cell, August 1, 2007; 18(8): 2904 - 2911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. G. Bruneau and M. Akaaboune The dynamics of recycled acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction in vivo Development, November 15, 2006; 133(22): 4485 - 4493. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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