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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 14, 2005, 25(50):11730-11737; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3286-05.2005

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Trial-by-Trial Coupling of Concurrent Electroencephalogram and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Identifies the Dynamics of Performance Monitoring

Stefan Debener,1,2 * Markus Ullsperger,3 * Markus Siegel,1 Katja Fiehler,3,4 D. Yves von Cramon,3 and Andreas K. Engel1

1Institute of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg University, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany, 2Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research Southampton, Royal South Hants Hospital, SO 14 0YG Southampton Hants, United Kingdom, 3Department of Cognitive Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany, and 4Cognitive Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany

Goal-directed behavior requires the continuous monitoring and dynamic adjustment of ongoing actions. Here, we report a direct coupling between the event-related electroencephalogram (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and behavioral measures of performance monitoring in humans. By applying independent component analysis to EEG signals recorded simultaneously with fMRI, we found the single-trial error-related negativity of the EEG to be systematically related to behavior in the subsequent trial, thereby reflecting immediate behavioral adjustments of a cognitive performance monitoring system. Moreover, this trial-by-trial EEG measure of performance monitoring predicted the fMRI activity in the rostral cingulate zone, a brain region thought to play a key role in processing of response errors. We conclude that investigations of the dynamic coupling between EEG and fMRI provide a powerful approach for the study of higher order brain functions.

Key words: fMRI; EEG; anterior cingulate cortex; performance monitoring; ICA; error processing

Received Aug 5, 2005; revised September 30, 2005; accepted November 6, 2005.






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