 |
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The Journal of Neuroscience, March 15, 2006, 26(11):2941-2950; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3936-05.2006
Previous Article | Next Article
Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Tuning for Spatiotemporal Frequency and Speed in Directionally Selective Neurons of Macaque Striate Cortex
Nicholas J. Priebe,1 Stephen G. Lisberger,1 andJ. Anthony Movshon2 1Department of Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, W. M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, and 2Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York 10003
Correspondence should be addressed to Nicholas Priebe at his present address: Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Drive, Evanston, IL 60208. Email: nico{at}northwestern.edu
We recorded the responses of direction-selective simple and complex cells in the primary visual cortex (V1) of anesthetized, paralyzed macaque monkeys. When studied with sine-wave gratings, almost all simple cells in V1 had responses that were separable for spatial and temporal frequency: the preferred temporal frequency did not change and preferred speed decreased as a function of the spatial frequency of the grating. As in previous recordings from the middle temporal visual area (MT), approximately one-quarter of V1 complex cells had separable responses to spatial and temporal frequency, and one-quarter were "speed tuned" in the sense that preferred speed did not change as a function of spatial frequency. Half fell between these two extremes. Reducing the contrast of the gratings caused the population of V1 complex cells to become more separable in their tuning for spatial and temporal frequency. Contrast dependence is explained by the contrast gain of the neurons, which was relatively higher for gratings that were either both of high or both of low temporal and spatial frequency. For stimuli that comprised two spatially superimposed sine-wave gratings, the preferred speeds and tuning bandwidths of V1 neurons could be predicted from the sum of the responses to the component gratings presented alone, unlike neurons in MT that showed nonlinear interactions. We conclude that spatiotemporal modulation of contrast gain creates speed tuning from separable inputs in V1 complex cells. Speed tuning in MT could be primarily inherited from V1, but processing that occurs after V1 and possibly within MT computes selective combinations of speed-tuned signals of special relevance for downstream perceptual and motor mechanisms.
Key words: direction tuning; speed tuning; visual motion processing; sine wave gratings; MT; spatial frequency
Received Sept. 18, 2005; revised Jan. 29, 2006; accepted Jan. 30, 2006.
Correspondence should be addressed to Nicholas Priebe at his present address: Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Drive, Evanston, IL 60208. Email: nico{at}northwestern.edu
Related articles in J. Neurosci.:
- Speed Selectivity in V1: A Complex Affair
- Bartlett D. Moore, IV
J. Neurosci. 2006 26: 7543-7544.[Full Text]
This article has been cited by other articles:
D. J. McKeefry, M. P. Burton, C. Vakrou, B. T. Barrett, and A. B. Morland
Induced Deficits in Speed Perception by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Human Cortical Areas V5/MT+ and V3A
J. Neurosci., July 2, 2008; 28(27): 6848 - 6857.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. P. Issa, A. Rosenberg, and T. R. Husson
Models and Measurements of Functional Maps in V1
J Neurophysiol, June 1, 2008; 99(6): 2745 - 2754.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. van Kleef, R. Berry, and G. Stange
Directional Selectivity in the Simple Eye of an Insect
J. Neurosci., March 12, 2008; 28(11): 2845 - 2855.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
N. Ghisovan and A. Nemri
How fast can we adapt?
J. Physiol., March 1, 2008; 586(5): 1213 - 1214.
[Full Text] [PDF]
Y. Umino, E. Solessio, and R. B. Barlow
Speed, Spatial, and Temporal Tuning of Rod and Cone Vision in Mouse
J. Neurosci., January 2, 2008; 28(1): 189 - 198.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
G. A. Orban
Higher Order Visual Processing in Macaque Extrastriate Cortex
Physiol Rev, January 1, 2008; 88(1): 59 - 89.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. A. Hietanen, N. A. Crowder, N. S. C. Price, and M. R. Ibbotson
Influence of adapting speed on speed and contrast coding in the primary visual cortex of the cat
J. Physiol., October 15, 2007; 584(2): 451 - 462.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
L. D. Ellis, W. H. Mehaffey, E. Harvey-Girard, R. W. Turner, L. Maler, and R. J. Dunn
SK Channels Provide a Novel Mechanism for the Control of Frequency Tuning in Electrosensory Neurons
J. Neurosci., August 29, 2007; 27(35): 9491 - 9502.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
F. Mechler, I. E. Ohiorhenuan, and J. D. Victor
Speed Dependence of Tuning to One-Dimensional Features in V1
J Neurophysiol, March 1, 2007; 97(3): 2423 - 2438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
A. K. Churchland, X. Huang, and S. G. Lisberger
Responses of Neurons in the Medial Superior Temporal Visual Area to Apparent Motion Stimuli in Macaque Monkeys
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 272 - 282.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
M. S. Livingstone and B. R. Conway
Contrast Affects Speed Tuning, Space-Time Slant, and Receptive-Field Organization of Simple Cells in Macaque V1
J Neurophysiol, January 1, 2007; 97(1): 849 - 857.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
J. A. Perrone
A Single Mechanism Can Explain the Speed Tuning Properties of MT and V1 Complex Neurons.
J. Neurosci., November 15, 2006; 26(46): 11987 - 11991.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
B. D. Moore IV
Speed Selectivity in V1: A Complex Affair
J. Neurosci., July 19, 2006; 26(29): 7543 - 7544.
[Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|