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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 19, 2006, 26(16):4166-4177; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0176-06.2006
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Development/Plasticity/Repair
Two Coincidence Detectors for Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity in Somatosensory Cortex
Vanessa A. Bender,2
Kevin J. Bender,1
Daniel J. Brasier,2 and
Daniel E. Feldman1,2
1Division of Biological Sciences and 2Neurosciences Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0357
Correspondence should be addressed to Daniel E. Feldman, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, 3228 Pacific Hall, 0357, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357. Email: dfeldman{at}ucsd.edu
Many cortical synapses exhibit spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in which the precise timing of presynaptic and postsynaptic spikes induces synaptic strengthening [long-term potentiation (LTP)] or weakening [long-term depression (LTD)]. Standard models posit a single, postsynaptic, NMDA receptor-based coincidence detector for LTP and LTD components of STDP. We show instead that STDP at layer 4 to layer 2/3 synapses in somatosensory (S1) cortex involves separate calcium sources and coincidence detection mechanisms for LTP and LTD. LTP showed classical NMDA receptor dependence. LTD was independent of postsynaptic NMDA receptors and instead required group I metabotropic glutamate receptors and calcium from voltage-sensitive channels and IP3 receptor-gated stores. Downstream of postsynaptic calcium, LTD required retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, leading to presynaptic LTD expression, and also required activation of apparently presynaptic NMDA receptors. These LTP and LTD mechanisms detected firing coincidence on 25 and 125 ms time scales, respectively, and combined to implement the overall STDP rule. These findings indicate that STDP is not a unitary process and suggest that endocannabinoid-dependent LTD may be relevant to cortical map plasticity.
Key words: LTP; LTD; synaptic plasticity; endocannabinoid; barrel; metabotropic glutamate receptor
Received Jan. 13, 2006;
revised March 6, 2006;
accepted March 11, 2006.
Correspondence should be addressed to Daniel E. Feldman, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, 3228 Pacific Hall, 0357, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0357. Email: dfeldman{at}ucsd.edu
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