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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 10, 2006, 26(19):5167-5179; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0482-06.2006

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Neurobiology of Disease
Reduction in Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Modulates Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology and Accelerates the Onset of Behavioral Changes in Human Amyloid Precursor Protein Transgenic Mice

Luke Esposito,^1,2 Jacob Raber,¹ Lisa Kekonius,¹ Fengrong Yan,¹ Giu-Qiu Yu,¹ Nga Bien-Ly,¹ Jukka Puoliväli,¹ Kimberly Scearce-Levie,¹ Eliezer Masliah,³ and Lennart Mucke^1,2

¹Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease and ²Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, and ³Departments of Neurosciences and Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093

Correspondence should be addressed to L. Mucke, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158. Email: Lmucke{at}gladstone.ucsf.edu

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with accumulations of amyloid- (A) peptides, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and dementia. The mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase-2 (Sod2) might protect against these alterations. To test this hypothesis, we inactivated one Sod2 allele (Sod2^+/–) in human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice, reducing Sod2 activity to 50% of that in Sod2 wild-type (Sod2^+/+) mice. A reduction in Sod2 activity did not obviously impair mice without hAPP/A expression. In hAPP mice, however, it accelerated the onset of behavioral alterations and of deficits in prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, a measure of sensorimotor gating. In these mice, it also worsened hAPP/A-dependent depletion of microtubule-associated protein 2, a marker of neuronal dendrites. Sod2 reduction decreased amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma but promoted the development of cerebrovascular amyloidosis, gliosis, and plaque-independent neuritic dystrophy. Sod2 reduction also increased the DNA binding activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor B. These results suggest that Sod2 protects the aging brain against hAPP/A-induced impairments. Whereas reductions in Sod2 would be expected to trigger or exacerbate neuronal and vascular pathology in AD, increasing Sod2 activity might be of therapeutic benefit.

Key words: amyloid precursor protein; transgenic mice; superoxide dismutase-2; Alzheimer's disease; mitochondria; behavior

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Received Sept. 22, 2005; revised March 24, 2006; accepted March 25, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to L. Mucke, Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158. Email: Lmucke{at}gladstone.ucsf.edu

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