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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 24, 2006, 26(21):5720-5726; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5032-05.2006
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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
No Effect of Morphine on Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons during Withdrawal
François Georges,1 Catherine Le Moine,1 andGary Aston-Jones2 1Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5541 "Interactions Neuronales et Comportements," Université Victor Segalen, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France, and 2Laboratory for Neuromodulation and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Translational Research Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-3403
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. François Georges, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5541 "Interactions Neuronales et Comportements," BP28, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France. Email: francois.georges{at}bordeaux.inserm.fr
Substantial evidence indicates that the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic (DA) system has a key role in mechanisms of opiate dependence. Although DA neurons have been studied extensively, little is known about their activity and their response to acute morphine during morphine dependence. We recorded the activity of VTA DA neurons in five groups of anesthetized rats: drug-naive (naive) rats, morphine-dependent [(MD) implanted with pellets] rats, and three groups of withdrawn rats. Withdrawals either were precipitated by naltrexone or occurred spontaneously 24 h or 15 d after pellet removal. We confirmed that acute morphine in naive rats produced a marked increase in the firing of VTA DA neurons. We also found that the basal firing rate of VTA DA neurons was markedly higher in MD than in naive rats; however, in MD rats, acute morphine failed to increase DA activity. We confirmed inhibition of VTA DA activity in MD rats in response to precipitated withdrawal; however, this inhibition resulted only in a normalization of the firing rate to that of naive animals. In rats that had spontaneous withdrawal after 24 h or 15 d, the activity of VTA DA neurons was similar to that of naive rats, and an acute injection of morphine failed to alter their activity. Our results indicate that VTA DA neurons show long-lasting tolerance to the acute effect of morphine after withdrawal. These findings show that VTA DA neural activity is unlikely to be a factor in the altered behavioral responses that occur with acute morphine or naltrexone administration after chronic opiate exposure.
Key words: addiction; withdrawal; opiates; ventral tegmental area; naltrexone; extracellular recording
Received Nov. 25, 2005; revised April 6, 2006; accepted April 12, 2006.
Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. François Georges, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5541 "Interactions Neuronales et Comportements," BP28, Université Victor Segalen, Bordeaux 2, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux Cedex, France. Email: francois.georges{at}bordeaux.inserm.fr
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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