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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 31, 2006, 26(22):5948-5954; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0220-06.2006

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Noise Reduction of Coincidence Detector Output by the Inferior Colliculus of the Barn Owl

G. Björn Christianson¹ and José Luis Peña²

¹Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and ²Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461

Correspondence should be addressed to José Luis Peña, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Room 529, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461. Email: jpena{at}aecom.yu.edu

A recurring theme in theoretical work is that integration over populations of similarly tuned neurons can reduce neural noise. However, there are relatively few demonstrations of an explicit noise reduction mechanism in a neural network. Here we demonstrate that the brainstem of the barn owl includes a stage of processing apparently devoted to increasing the signal-to-noise ratio in the encoding of the interaural time difference (ITD), one of two primary binaural cues used to compute the position of a sound source in space. In the barn owl, the ITD is processed in a dedicated neural pathway that terminates at the core of the inferior colliculus (ICcc). The actual locus of the computation of the ITD is before ICcc in the nucleus laminaris (NL), and ICcc receives no inputs carrying information that did not originate in NL. Unlike in NL, the rate-ITD functions of ICcc neurons require as little as a single stimulus presentation per ITD to show coherent ITD tuning. ICcc neurons also displayed a greater dynamic range with a maximal difference in ITD response rates approximately double that seen in NL. These results indicate that ICcc neurons perform a computation functionally analogous to averaging across a population of similarly tuned NL neurons.

Key words: interaural time difference; sound localization; inferior colliculus; nucleus laminaris; barn owl; pooling

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Received Jan. 17, 2006; revised April 19, 2006; accepted April 22, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to José Luis Peña, Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Room 529, 1410 Pelham Parkway South, Bronx, NY 10461. Email: jpena{at}aecom.yu.edu

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. J. Fischer and M. Konishi Variability Reduction in Interaural Time Difference Tuning in the Barn Owl J Neurophysiol, August 1, 2008; 100(2): 708 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. B. Christianson and J. L. Pena Preservation of Spectrotemporal Tuning Between the Nucleus Laminaris and the Inferior Colliculus of the Barn Owl J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2007; 97(5): 3544 - 3553. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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