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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 5, 2006, 26(27):7143-7146; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1796-06.2006

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Mini-Reviews
Synaptic Regulation of Translation of Dendritic mRNAs

Erin M. Schuman,¹ Joseph L. Dynes,² and Oswald Steward²

¹Division of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, and ²Reeve-Irvine Research Center and Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Neurobiology and Behavior, and Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California 92697

Correspondence should be addressed to Oswald Steward, 1105 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Science Road, University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4292. Email: osteward{at}uci.edu

The selective localization of protein synthetic machinery at postsynaptic sites makes it possible for the synthesis of particular proteins to be regulated by synaptic signals. Here we consider how the structure of the machinery constrains synthetic capacity and the evidence that mRNA translation is locally controlled by synaptic signals.

Since the discovery of protein synthetic machinery at synaptic sites on dendrites (Steward and Levy, 1982), substantial progress has been made in identifying dendritic mRNAs and in showing that dendritic protein synthesis is critical for persistent synaptic modifications like long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). Although many pieces of the puzzle have been identified, major questions remain. Here we focus on one of the unknowns: how translational activity at synapses is regulated and whether regulation involves upregulation or downregulation of overall translation or differential regulation of the translation of particular transcripts. It is useful to begin by considering constraints imposed by the nature of the protein synthetic machinery at synapses.

Key words: protein synthesis; mRNA; ribosome; synapse; dendrite; synaptic plasticity

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Received April 27, 2006; revised May 31, 2006; accepted May 31, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Oswald Steward, 1105 Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, 837 Health Science Road, University of California at Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92697-4292. Email: osteward{at}uci.edu

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