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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 5, 2006, 26(27):7151-7155; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1790-06.2006

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Mini-Reviews
Local Protein Synthesis and Spine Morphogenesis: Fragile X Syndrome and Beyond

Aaron W. Grossman,1,2,3 * Georgina M. Aldridge,1,2,3 * Ivan Jeanne Weiler,1 and William T. Greenough1,2,4

1Beckman Institute, 2Neuroscience Graduate Program, 3Medical Scholars Program, and 4Departments of Psychology, Psychiatry, and Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. William T. Greenough, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 405 North Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801. Email: wgreenou{at}uiuc.edu

Behavioral experiences can modulate neural networks through changes in synaptic morphology and number. In contrast, abnormal morphogenesis of dendritic spines is associated with cognitive impairment, as in Fragile X syndrome. Dendritic or synaptic protein synthesis could provide the specificity and speed necessary for spine morphogenesis. Here, we highlight locally translated proteins shown to affect synaptic morphology (e.g., Fragile X mental retardation protein).

Key words: synaptic plasticity, CaMKII; FMRP; Rho GTPases; Fmr1 knock-out mice; synaptogenesis; learning and memory; metabotropic glutamate receptor; Rac1; SHANK-HOMER; dendritic spine; PSD-95

Received April 27, 2006; revised May 27, 2006; accepted May 28, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. William T. Greenough, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 405 North Mathews, Urbana, IL 61801. Email: wgreenou{at}uiuc.edu




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