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The Journal of Neuroscience, August 30, 2006, 26(35):9015-9021; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5045-05.2006

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Lighter or Heavier Than Predicted: Neural Correlates of Corrective Mechanisms during Erroneously Programmed Lifts

Per Jenmalm,^1,2,5 Christina Schmitz,^1,4 Hans Forssberg,¹ and H. Henrik Ehrsson^1,3

¹Neuropediatric Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden, ²Department of Hand and Plastic Surgery, Norrlands University Hospital, SE-90185 Umeå, Sweden, ³Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom, ⁴Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Groupe Développement et Pathologie de l’Action, 13402 Marseilles, France, and ⁵Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden

Correspondence should be addressed to H. Henrik Ehrsson, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Email: h.ehrsson{at}fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk

A central concept in neuroscience is that the CNS signals the sensory discrepancy between the predicted and actual sensory consequences of action. It has been proposed that the cerebellum and parietal cortex are involved in this process. A discrepancy will trigger preprogrammed corrective responses and update the engaged sensorimotor memories. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging with an event-related design to investigate the neuronal correlates of such discrepancies. Healthy adults repeatedly lifted an object between their right index fingers and thumbs, and on some lifting trials, the weight of the object was unpredictably changed between light (230 g) and heavy (830 g). Regardless of whether the weight was heavier or lighter than predicted, activity was found in the right inferior parietal cortex (supramarginal gyrus). This suggests that this region is involved in the comparison of the predicted and actual sensory input and the updating of the sensorimotor memories. When the object was lighter or heavier than predicted, two different types of preprogrammed force corrections occurred. There was a slow force increase when the weight of the object was heavier than predicted. This corrective response was associated with activity in the left primary motor and somatosensory cortices. The fast termination of the excessive force when the object was lighter than predicted activated the right cerebellum. These findings show how the parietal cortex, cerebellum, and motor cortex are involved in the signaling of the discrepancy between predicated and actual sensory feedback and the associated corrective mechanisms.

Key words: precision grip; cerebellum; parietal cortex; dexterous manipulation; fingertip force control; motor cortex

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Received Nov. 28, 2005; revised May 22, 2006; accepted May 31, 2006.

Correspondence should be addressed to H. Henrik Ehrsson, Wellcome Department of Imaging Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Email: h.ehrsson{at}fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk

Related articles in J. Neurosci.:

Weight Lifting in the Human Brain

Floris P. de Lange
J. Neurosci. 2006 26: 10327-10328. [Full Text]  

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. P. Gardner, J. Y. Ro, K. S. Babu, and S. Ghosh Neurophysiology of Prehension. II. Response Diversity in Primary Somatosensory (S-I) and Motor (M-I) Cortices J Neurophysiol, February 1, 2007; 97(2): 1656 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. P. de Lange Weight Lifting in the Human Brain J. Neurosci., October 11, 2006; 26(41): 10327 - 10328. [Full Text] [PDF]

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