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The Journal of Neuroscience, April 4, 2007, 27(14):3864-3874; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0340-07.2007

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
The Cortical Representation of Objects Rotating in Depth

Sarah Weigelt,^1,2 Zoe Kourtzi,³ Axel Kohler,^1,2 Wolf Singer,^1,2 and Lars Muckli^1,2

¹Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, ²Brain Imaging Center Frankfurt, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and ³Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany

Correspondence should be addressed to Sarah Weigelt, Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Email: weigelt{at}mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de

The perception of motion provides valuable interpolations of the visual scene. This fundamental capacity of the visual system is evident in apparent rotation: by presenting only two images of an object rotated in space, a vivid illusion of a smooth apparent motion in three dimensions can be induced. The unseen interpolated rotation views are filled in by the visual system. In the present study, we identified the cortical network responsible for this filling-in process. We argue that cross talk between areas of the ventral and dorsal visual pathways promote the illusion of smooth apparent rotation. Most interestingly, the network represents the unseen object views. Using functional magnetic resonance adaptation, we are able to show that the cortical network selectively adapts to the illusory object views. Our findings provide strong evidence for cortical representations of three-dimensional rotating objects that are view invariant with respect to the rotation path. Furthermore, our results confirm psychophysical investigations that unseen interpolated rotation views can be primed by apparent motion. By applying functional magnetic resonance adaptation, we show for the first time cortical adaptation to unseen objects. Together, our neuroimaging study advances the understanding of the cortical mechanisms mediating the influence of motion on object processing.

Key words: apparent rotation; fMRI; adaptation; motion processing; object perception; viewpoint debate

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Received Aug. 31, 2006; revised March 1, 2007; accepted March 1, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Sarah Weigelt, Department of Neurophysiology, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Deutschordenstrasse 46, D-60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Email: weigelt{at}mpih-frankfurt.mpg.de

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