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The Journal of Neuroscience, May 30, 2007, 27(22):5895-5902; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5260-06.2007

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Haloperidol Treatment after High-Dose Methamphetamine Administration Is Excitotoxic to GABA Cells in the Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata

Theo Hatzipetros,¹ Jamie G. Raudensky,¹ Jean-Jacques Soghomonian,² and Bryan K. Yamamoto¹

¹Laboratory of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and ²Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118

Correspondence should be addressed to Bryan K. Yamamoto, Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, L-613, Boston, MA 02118. Email: bkyam{at}bu.edu

The therapeutic management of methamphetamine (METH)-induced psychoses often involves treatment with the typical antipsychotic drug and dopamine D₂ receptor antagonist haloperidol. We report here that subchronic haloperidol administration after a high-dose regimen of METH produces a heretofore unrecognized toxicity to GABAergic cells, as reflected by GAD67 mRNA expression histochemistry, in the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) through an acute and persistent augmentation of glutamate release, NMDA receptor activation, and DNA fragmentation. The dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta were unaffected by METH or haloperidol alone or the combination of METH and haloperidol. These findings suggest that the current therapeutic management of METH-induced psychoses with haloperidol may be contraindicated because of a resultant GABAergic cell death in the SNr, which may predispose some individuals to the development of hyperkinetic movement disorders and seizures.

Key words: antipsychotics; glutamate; dopamine; microdialysis; basal ganglia; neurodegeneration

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Received Dec. 5, 2006; revised April 16, 2007; accepted April 17, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Bryan K. Yamamoto, Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, L-613, Boston, MA 02118. Email: bkyam{at}bu.edu

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