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The Journal of Neuroscience, July 4, 2007, 27(27):7339-7343; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1226-07.2007

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Brief Communications
The Glial or Neuronal Fate Choice of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Is Modulated by Their Ability to Acquire an Epigenetic Memory

Aixiao Liu,¹ Yu R. Han,² Jiadong Li,¹ Dongming Sun,² Ming Ouyang,³ Mark R. Plummer,² and Patrizia Casaccia-Bonnefil¹

¹Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, R. Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, ²Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, and ³Informatics Institute, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854

Correspondence should be addressed to Patrizia Casaccia-Bonnefil, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, R. Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854. Email: casaccpa{at}umdnj.edu

The identity of any cell type is determined by the specific pattern of gene expression. We show here that the ability of oligodendrocyte progenitors to acquire the identity of myelin-expressing cells or choose alternative fates is dependent on the activity of histone deacetylases. Using gene expression profiling, electrophysiological recordings, transplantation studies, and pharmacological inhibition, we demonstrate that specified NG2⁺ oligodendrocyte progenitors are plastic cells, whose decision to initiate an oligodendrocytic rather than astrocytic or neuronal program of gene expression requires the establishment of an epigenetic identity that is initiated by histone deacetylation.

Key words: gene; oligodendrocyte; lineage; histone modification; neurogenesis; gliogenesis

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Received March 19, 2007; revised May 22, 2007; accepted June 1, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Patrizia Casaccia-Bonnefil, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, R. Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854. Email: casaccpa{at}umdnj.edu

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