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The Journal of Neuroscience, December 12, 2007, 27(50):13882-13889; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3083-07.2007

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Behavioral/Systems/Cognitive
Genetic Contributions to Long-Range Temporal Correlations in Ongoing Oscillations

Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen,^1,2 Dirk J. A. Smit,^2,3 Andre Barkil,^1,2 Toos E. M. van Beijsterveldt,^2,3 Arjen B. Brussaard,^1,2 Dorret I. Boomsma,^2,3 Arjen van Ooyen,^1,2 and Eco J. C. de Geus^2,3

¹Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, Institute for Neuroscience, and ²Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and ³Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: klaus.linkenkaer{at}cncr.vu.nl

The amplitude fluctuations of ongoing oscillations in the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal of the human brain show autocorrelations that decay slowly and remain significant at time scales up to tens of seconds. We call these long-range temporal correlations (LRTC). Abnormal LRTC have been observed in several brain pathologies, but it has remained unknown whether genetic factors influence the temporal correlation structure of ongoing oscillations. We recorded the ongoing EEG during eyes-closed rest in 390 monozygotic and dizygotic twins and investigated the temporal structure of ongoing oscillations in the alpha- and beta-frequency bands using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). The strength of LRTC was more highly correlated in monozygotic than in dizygotic twins. Statistical analysis attributed up to 60% of the variance in DFA to genetic factors, indicating a high heritability for the temporal structure of amplitude fluctuations in EEG oscillations. Importantly, the DFA and EEG power were uncorrelated. LRTC in ongoing oscillations are robust, heritable, and independent of power, suggesting that LRTC and oscillation power are governed by distinct biophysical mechanisms and serve different functions in the brain. We propose that the DFA method is an important complement to classical spectral analysis in fundamental and clinical research on ongoing oscillations.

Key words: ongoing oscillations; long-range temporal correlations; twins; heritability; detrended fluctuation analysis; EEG

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Received July 6, 2007; revised Oct. 31, 2007; accepted Nov. 1, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Department of Experimental Neurophysiology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Email: klaus.linkenkaer{at}cncr.vu.nl

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