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The Journal of Neuroscience, February 21, 2007, 27(8):1973-1980; doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5426-06.2007

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Neurobiology of Disease
Antibody-Mediated Clearance of Amyloid-ß Peptide from Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Revealed by Quantitative In Vivo Imaging

Claudia M. Prada,¹ Monica Garcia-Alloza,¹ Rebecca A. Betensky,² Sandy X. Zhang-Nunes,¹ Steven M. Greenberg,¹ Brian J. Bacskai,¹ and Matthew P. Frosch^1,3

¹Department of Neurology/Alzheimer Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, ²Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, and ³C. S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Brian J. Bacskai, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, #2850, Charlestown, MA 02129. Email: bbacskai{at}partners.org

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the accumulation of amyloid-ß peptide (Aß) in the vessel wall of arteries in the brain. Because CAA is commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by parenchymal deposition of the same peptide in the form of senile plaques, there is considerable interest in the relationship of the two deposits in generating human disease. The study of CAA is of particular importance for immunotherapeutic approaches to AD, because reports of anti-Aß immunotherapy in mice and humans have suggested that, whereas CAA appeared resistant to clearance, its response to this treatment promoted potential adverse effects, including meningoencephalitis. We used multiphoton microscopy and longitudinal imaging to monitor CAA in a mouse model of amyloid deposition to evaluate the effects of anti-Aß passive immunotherapy. We found detectable clearance of CAA deposits within 1 week after a single administration of antibody directly to the brain, an effect that was short-lived. Chronic administration of antibody over 2 weeks led to more robust clearance without evidence of hemorrhage or other destructive changes. We found that the progressive clearance of Aß from vessels follows distinct kinetics from what has been previously reported for clearance of plaques (parenchymal deposits of Aß). This quantitative in vivo imaging approach directly demonstrates that CAA in a transgenic mouse model can be cleared with an optimized immunotherapy.

Key words: immunotherapy; CAA; neurodegeneration; in vivo imaging; Alzheimer's disease; amyloid

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Received Aug. 30, 2006; revised Jan. 19, 2007; accepted Jan. 20, 2007.

Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Brian J. Bacskai, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, #2850, Charlestown, MA 02129. Email: bbacskai{at}partners.org

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